Behavioral state resource selection in invasive wild pigs in the Southeastern United States

Clontz, Lindsay M.; Pepin, Kim M.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.; Beasley, James C.

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86363-3

Behavioral state resource selection in invasive wild pigs in the Southeastern United States

Journal Article · Thu Mar 25 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Scientific Reports

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86363-3· OSTI ID:1816738

Clontz, Lindsay M. ^[1]; Pepin, Kim M. ^[2]; VerCauteren, Kurt C. ^[3]; Beasley, James C. ^[4]

Univ. of Georgia, Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River Site (SRS). Savannah River Ecology Lab. (SREL). Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources; OSTI
USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO (United States). Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Wildlife Services. National Wildlife Research Center
USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO (United States). Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Wildlife Services. National Wildlife Research Center
Univ. of Georgia, Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River Site (SRS). Savannah River Ecology Lab. (SREL). Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources

Elucidating correlations between wild pig (Sus scrofa) behavior and landscape attributes can aid in the advancement of management strategies for controlling populations. Using GPS data from 49 wild pigs in the southeastern U.S., we used hidden Markov models to define movement path characteristics and assign behaviors (e.g., resting, foraging, travelling). We then explored the connection between these behaviors and resource selection for both sexes between two distinct seasons based on forage availability (i.e., low forage, high forage). Females demonstrated a crepuscular activity pattern in the high-forage season and a variable pattern in the low-forage season, while males exhibited nocturnal activity patterns across both seasons. Wild pigs selected for bottomland hardwoods and dense canopy cover in all behavioral states in both seasons. Males selected for diversity in vegetation types while foraging in the low-forage season compared to the high-forage season and demonstrated an increased use of linear anthropogenic features across seasons while traveling. Wild pigs can establish populations and home ranges in an array of landscapes, but our results demonstrate male and female pigs exhibit clear differences in movement behavior and there are key resources associated with common behaviors that can be targeted to improve the efficiency of management programs.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDA

Grant/Contract Number:: EM0004391

OSTI ID:: 1816738

Journal Information:: Scientific Reports, Journal Name: Scientific Reports Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 11; ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (62)

Movement reveals scale dependence in habitat selection of a large ungulate Northrup, Joseph M.; Anderson, Charles R.; Hooten, Mevin B. Ecological Applications, Vol. 26, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1403	journal	November 2016
Predicting functional responses in agro‐ecosystems from animal movement data to improve management of invasive pests Wilber, Mark Q.; Chinn, Sarah M.; Beasley, James C. Ecological Applications, Vol. 30, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2015	journal	November 2019
Rewilding of Fukushima's human evacuation zone Lyons, Phillip C.; Okuda, Kei; Hamilton, Matthew T. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Vol. 18, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2149	journal	April 2020
Research priorities for managing invasive wild pigs in North America: Research Priorities for Wild Pigs Beasley, James C.; Ditchkoff, Stephen S.; Mayer, John J. The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 82, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21436	journal	February 2018
Activity budgets and use of enclosed space by wild boars (Sus scrofa) in captivity Blasetti, A.; Boitani, L.; Riviello, M. C. Zoo Biology, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430070108	journal	January 1988
Optimal bait density for delivery of acute toxicants to vertebrate pests Pepin, Kim M.; Snow, Nathan P.; VerCauteren, Kurt C. Journal of Pest Science, Vol. 93, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-020-01196-9	journal	January 2020
Annual and seasonal space use of different age classes of female wild boar Sus scrofa L. Keuling, Oliver; Stier, Norman; Roth, Mechthild European Journal of Wildlife Research, Vol. 54, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-007-0157-4	journal	November 2007
Habitat use and spatial patterns of wild boar Sus scrofa (L.): agricultural fields and edges Thurfjell, Henrik; Ball, John P.; Åhlén, Per-Arne European Journal of Wildlife Research, Vol. 55, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-009-0268-1	journal	April 2009
Comparison of the efficacy of four drug combinations for immobilization of wild pigs Ellis, Christine K.; Wehtje, Morgan E.; Wolfe, Lisa L. European Journal of Wildlife Research, Vol. 65, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-019-1317-z	journal	August 2019
Impact of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in its introduced and native range: a review Barrios-Garcia, M. Noelia; Ballari, Sebastian A. Biological Invasions, Vol. 14, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0229-6	journal	April 2012
Multi-scale Modeling of Animal Movement and General Behavior Data Using Hidden Markov Models with Hierarchical Structures Leos-Barajas, Vianey; Gangloff, Eric J.; Adam, Timo Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics, Vol. 22, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-017-0282-9	journal	May 2017
Selecting the Number of States in Hidden Markov Models: Pragmatic Solutions Illustrated Using Animal Movement Pohle, Jennifer; Langrock, Roland; van Beest, Floris M. Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics, Vol. 22, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-017-0283-8	journal	June 2017
Seasonal variations in habitat selection and spatial distribution of wild boar (Sus Scrofa) in the Camargue, Southern France Dardaillon, Maryse Behavioural Processes, Vol. 13, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-6357(86)90088-4	journal	September 1986
Toad on the road: Use of roads as dispersal corridors by cane toads (Bufo marinus) at an invasion front in tropical Australia Brown, Gregory P.; Phillips, Benjamin L.; Webb, Jonathan K. Biological Conservation, Vol. 133, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.05.020	journal	November 2006
Analysis of movements and behavior of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) using hidden Markov models Franke, Alastair; Caelli, Terry; Hudson, Robert J. Ecological Modelling, Vol. 173, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.06.004	journal	April 2004
Prediction of wolf (Canis lupus) kill-sites using hidden Markov models Franke, Alastair; Caelli, Terry; Kuzyk, Gerald Ecological Modelling, Vol. 197, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.043	journal	August 2006
The package “adehabitat” for the R software: A tool for the analysis of space and habitat use by animals Calenge, Clément Ecological Modelling, Vol. 197, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.017	journal	August 2006
Macronutritional consequences of food generalism in an invasive mammal, the wild boar Senior, Alistair M.; Grueber, Catherine E.; Machovsky-Capuska, Gabriel Mammalian Biology, Vol. 81, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2016.07.001	journal	September 2016
Urban wild boars prefer fragmented areas with food resources near natural corridors Castillo-Contreras, Raquel; Carvalho, João; Serrano, Emmanuel Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 615 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.277	journal	February 2018
A review of methods for the assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence/absence models Fielding, Alan H.; Bell, John F. Environmental Conservation, Vol. 24, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892997000088	journal	March 1997
Habitat structure and population persistence in an experimental community Ellner, Stephen P.; McCauley, Edward; Kendall, Bruce E. Nature, Vol. 412, Issue 6846 https://doi.org/10.1038/35087580	journal	August 2001
Effects of scale of movement, detection probability, and true population density on common methods of estimating population density Keiter, David A.; Davis, Amy J.; Rhodes, Olin E. Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09746-5	journal	August 2017
Biotic and abiotic factors predicting the global distribution and population density of an invasive large mammal Lewis, Jesse S.; Farnsworth, Matthew L.; Burdett, Chris L. Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44152	journal	March 2017
The influence of pasture distribution and temperature on habitat selection by feral pigs in a semi-arid environment Dexter, Nick Wildlife Research, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1071/WR97119	journal	January 1998
Habitat requirements of wild boars in the northern Apennines (N Italy): A multi‐level approach Meriggi, Alberto; Sacchi, Oreste Italian Journal of Zoology, Vol. 68, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/11250000109356382	journal	January 2001
Moose at their bioclimatic edge alter their behavior based on weather, landscape, and predators Ditmer, Mark A.; Moen, Ron A.; Windels, Steve K. Current Zoology, Vol. 64, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zox047	journal	July 2017
The interpretation of habitat preference metrics under use–availability designs Beyer, Hawthorne L.; Haydon, Daniel T.; Morales, Juan M. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 365, Issue 1550 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0083	journal	July 2010
Hidden semi-Markov models reveal multiphasic movement of the endangered Florida panther van de Kerk, Madelon; Onorato, David P.; Criffield, Marc A. Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 84, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12290	journal	October 2014
Incorporating animal spatial memory in step selection functions Oliveira-Santos, Luiz Gustavo R.; Forester, James D.; Piovezan, Ubiratan Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 85, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12485	journal	February 2016
Improving rigour and efficiency of use-availability habitat selection analyses with systematic estimation of availability Benson, John F. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12006	journal	November 2012
Lessons from integrating behaviour and resource selection: activity-specific responses of African wild dogs to roads: Integrating behaviour and resource selection Abrahms, B.; Jordan, N. R.; Golabek, K. A. Animal Conservation, Vol. 19, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12235	journal	September 2015
The pitfalls of ignoring behaviour when quantifying habitat selection Roever, C. L.; Beyer, H. L.; Chase, M. J. Diversity and Distributions, Vol. 20, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12164	journal	December 2013
Environmental dynamics and anthropogenic development alter philopatry and space‐use in a North American cervid Northrup, Joseph M.; Anderson, Charles R.; Wittemyer, George Diversity and Distributions, Vol. 22, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12417	journal	January 2016
Application of random effects to the study of resource selection by animals: Random effects in resource selection Gillies, Cameron S.; Hebblewhite, Mark; Nielsen, Scott E. Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 75, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01106.x	journal	June 2006
Classifying movement behaviour in relation to environmental conditions using hidden Markov models Patterson, Toby A.; Basson, Marinelle; Bravington, Mark V. Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 78, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01583.x	journal	November 2009
Are there general mechanisms of animal home range behaviour? A review and prospects for future research: Home range modelling Börger, Luca; Dalziel, Benjamin D.; Fryxell, John M. Ecology Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01182.x	journal	April 2008
Understanding movement data and movement processes: current and emerging directions Schick, Robert S.; Loarie, Scott R.; Colchero, Fernando Ecology Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01249.x	journal	December 2008
A review of wild boar Sus scrofa diet and factors affecting food selection in native and introduced ranges: A review of wild boar Sus scrofa diet Ballari, Sebastián A.; Barrios-García, M. Noelia Mammal Review, Vol. 44, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12015	journal	October 2013
pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves Robin, Xavier; Turck, Natacha; Hainard, Alexandre BMC Bioinformatics, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-12-77	journal	March 2011
Quantifying drivers of wild pig movement across multiple spatial and temporal scales Kay, Shannon L.; Fischer, Justin W.; Monaghan, Andrew J. Movement Ecology, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-017-0105-1	journal	June 2017
Development and evaluation of habitat suitability models for nesting white-headed woodpecker (Dryobates albolarvatus) in burned forest Latif, Quresh S.; Saab, Victoria A.; Dudley, Jonathan G. PLOS ONE, Vol. 15, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233043	journal	May 2020
Spatiotemporal behavioral plasticity of wild boar ( Sus scrofa ) under contrasting conditions of human pressure: primeval forest and metropolitan area Podgórski, Tomasz; Baś, Grzegorz; Jędrzejewska, Bogumiła Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 94, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1644/12-MAMM-A-038.1	journal	February 2013
Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4 Bates, Douglas; Mächler, Martin; Bolker, Ben Journal of Statistical Software, Vol. 67, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01	journal	January 2015
A Comparison of Distance-Based and Classification-Based Analyses of Habitat use Conner, L. Mike; Smith, Mark D.; Burger, L. Wesley Ecology, Vol. 84, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0526:ACODBA]2.0.CO;2	journal	February 2003
Wolves Influence elk Movements: Behavior Shapes a Trophic Cascade in Yellowstone National park Fortin, Daniel; Beyer, Hawthorne L.; Boyce, Mark S. Ecology, Vol. 86, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1890/04-0953	journal	May 2005
State–Space Models link elk Movement Patterns to Landscape Characteristics in Yellowstone National park Forester, James D.; Ives, Anthony R.; Turner, Monica G. Ecological Monographs, Vol. 77, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0534	journal	May 2007
Accounting for animal movement in estimation of resource selection functions: sampling and data analysis Forester, James D.; Im, Hae Kyung; Rathouz, Paul J. Ecology, Vol. 90, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0874.1	journal	December 2009
Evaluating the predictive abilities of community occupancy models using AUC while accounting for imperfect detection Zipkin, Elise F.; Grant, Evan H. Campbell; Fagan, William F. Ecological Applications, Vol. 22, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1936.1	journal	October 2012
Activity Patterns of Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in Southern Texas Campbell, Tyler A.; Long, David B. The Southwestern Naturalist, Vol. 55, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1894/TAL-15.1	journal	December 2010
Bison Versus Cattle: Are They Ecologically Synonymous? Kohl, Michel T.; Krausman, Paul R.; Kunkel, Kyran Rangeland Ecology & Management, Vol. 66, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00113.1	journal	November 2013
Wild Pigs: Biology, Damage, Control Techniques and Management Mayer, John; Brisbin, I. Lehr https://doi.org/10.2172/975099	report	December 2009
Resource Selection Functions Based on Use–Availability Data: Theoretical Motivation and Evaluation Methods Johnson, Chris J.; Nielsen, Scott E.; Merrill, Evelyn H. Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 70, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[347:RSFBOU]2.0.CO;2	journal	April 2006
Resource Partitioning in Sympatric Populations of Collared Peccaries and Feral Hogs in Southern Texas Ilse, Linda M.; Hellgren, Eric C. Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 76, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2307/1382747	journal	August 1995
The Comparison of Usage and Availability Measurements for Evaluating Resource Preference Johnson, Douglas H. Ecology, Vol. 61, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2307/1937156	journal	February 1980
Ecological Mechanisms and Landscape Ecology Wiens, John A.; Stenseth, Nils Chr.; Horne, Beatrice Van Oikos, Vol. 66, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2307/3544931	journal	April 1993
Feral Swine in the Southeastern United States Hanson, R. P.; Karstad, Lars The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 23, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2307/3797747	journal	January 1959
Home Ranges, Movements, and Habitat Use of European Wild Boar in Tennessee Singer, Francis J.; Otto, Dale K.; Tipton, Alan R. The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 45, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2307/3807917	journal	April 1981
Behavior and Ecology of Wild and Feral Swine (Sus Scrofa) Graves, H. B. Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 58, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1984.582482x	journal	February 1984
Evaluating the predictive abilities of community occupancy models using AUC while accounting for imperfect detection Zipkin, Elise F.; Grant, Evan H. Campbell; Fagan, William F. Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3295568	collection	January 2016
Wolves Influence elk Movements: Behavior Shapes a Trophic Cascade in Yellowstone National park Fortin, Daniel; Beyer, Hawthorne L.; Boyce, Mark S. Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3298586.v1	collection	January 2016
Accounting for animal movement in estimation of resource selection functions: sampling and data analysis Forester, James D.; Im, Hae Kyung; Rathouz, Paul J. Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3301751.v1	collection	January 2016
State–Space Models link elk Movement Patterns to Landscape Characteristics in Yellowstone National park Forester, James D.; Ives, Anthony R.; Turner, Monica G. Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3309288	collection	January 2016

Similar Records

Contact patterns in wild pigs ( Sus scrofa ) from GPS tracking reveal spatial and temporal dynamics of social behaviour

Journal Article · Tue Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 2024 · Canadian Journal of Zoology · OSTI ID:2562980

Influence of biotic and abiotic factors on home range size and shape of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa)

Journal Article · Sat Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Pest Management Science · OSTI ID:1976383

Factors influencing pregnancy, litter size, and reproductive parameters of invasive wild pigs

Journal Article · Mon Aug 22 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Journal of Wildlife Management · OSTI ID:1882728

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
animal behaviour
behavioural ecology
invasive species

Behavioral state resource selection in invasive wild pigs in the Southeastern United States

Citation Formats

References (62)

Similar Records

Related Subjects