Modeling sediment diagenesis processes on riverbed to better quantify aquatic carbon fluxes and stocks in a small watershed of the Mid-Atlantic region

Qi, Junyu; Zhang, Xuesong; Lee, Sangchul; Wu, Yiping; Moglen, Glenn E.; McCarty, Gregory W.

doi:10.1186/s13021-020-00148-1

Modeling sediment diagenesis processes on riverbed to better quantify aquatic carbon fluxes and stocks in a small watershed of the Mid-Atlantic region

Journal Article · Mon Jul 06 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Carbon Balance and Management

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-020-00148-1· OSTI ID:1815715

Qi, Junyu ^[1]; Zhang, Xuesong ^[2]; Lee, Sangchul ^[3]; Wu, Yiping ^[4]; Moglen, Glenn E. ^[5]; McCarty, Gregory W. ^[5]

Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center; OSTI
Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center; Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Joint Global Change Research Institute, College Park, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Dept. of Environmental Science & Technology; USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab., Beltsville, MD (United States)
Xi’an Jiaotong Univ., Xi’an, Shaanxi (China). School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering
USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab., Beltsville, MD (United States)

Background: Despite the widely recognized importance of aquatic processes for bridging gaps in the global carbon cycle, there is still a lack of understanding of the role of riverbed processes for carbon flows and stocks in aquatic environments. Here, we added a sediment diagenesis and sediment carbon (C) resuspension module into the SWAT-C model and tested it for simulating both particulate organic C (POC) and dissolved organic C (DOC) fluxes using 4 years of monthly observations (2014–2017) in the Tuckahoe watershed (TW) in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic region. Results: Sensitivity analyses show that parameters that regulate POC deposition in river networks are more sensitive than those that determine C resuspension from sediments. Further analyses indicate that allochthonous contributions to POC and DOC are about 36.6 and 46 kgC ha^–1 year^–1, respectively, while autochthonous contributions are less than 0.72 kgC ha^–1 year^–1for both POC and DOC (less than 2% of allochthonous sources). The net deposition of POC on the riverbed (i.e., 11.4 kgC ha^–1 year^–1) retained ca. 31% of terrestrial inputs of POC. In addition, average annual buried C was 0.34 kgC ha^–1 year^–1, accounting for only 1% of terrestrial POC inputs or 3% of net POC deposition. The results indicate that about 79% of deposited organic C was converted to inorganic C (CH₄and CO₂) in the sediment and eventually released into the overlying water column. Conclusion: This study serves as an exploratory study on estimation of C fluxes from terrestrial to aquatic environments at the watershed scale. We demonstrated capabilities of the SWAT-C model to simulate C cycling from uplands to riverine ecosystems and estimated C sinks and sources in aquatic environments. Overall, the results highlight the importance of including carbon cycle dynamics within the riverbed in order to accurately estimate aquatic carbon fluxes and stocks. The new capabilities of SWAT-C are expected to serve as a useful tool to account for those processes in watershed C balance assessment.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS); USDA; USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1815715

Journal Information:: Carbon Balance and Management, Journal Name: Carbon Balance and Management Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 15; ISSN 1750-0680

Publisher:: BioMed CentralCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
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Sediment diagenesis

Modeling sediment diagenesis processes on riverbed to better quantify aquatic carbon fluxes and stocks in a small watershed of the Mid-Atlantic region

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