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Multiple Sources of Solar High-energy Protons

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [5];  [6];  [1]
  1. University of Oulu (Finland)
  2. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
  3. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Pisa (Italy)
  4. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Trieste (Italy); Università di Trieste (Italy)
  5. New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ (United States)
  6. Univ. of Turku (Finland)
+ Show Author Affiliations
During the 24th solar cycle, the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has observed a total of 27 solar flares possessing delayed γ-ray emission, including the exceptionally well-observed flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) on 2017 September 10. Based on the Fermi/LAT data, we plot, for the first time, maps of possible sources of the delayed >100 MeV γ-ray emission of the 2017 September 10 event. The long-lasting γ-ray emission is localized under the CME core. The γ-ray spectrum exhibits intermittent changes in time, implying that more than one source of high-energy protons was formed during the flare–CME eruption. We find a good statistical correlation between the γ-ray fluences of the Fermi/LAT-observed delayed events and the products of corresponding CME speed and the square root of the soft X-ray flare magnitude. Data support the idea that both flares and CMEs jointly contribute to the production of subrelativistic and relativistic protons near the Sun.
Research Organization:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
Academy of Finland; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515
OSTI ID:
1814504
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 23151756
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 915; ISSN 0004-637X
Publisher:
IOP PublishingCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Solar energetic particles
Solar flares
Solar gamma-ray emission