An assessment of power flexibility from commercial building cooling systems in the United States

Huang, Sen; Ye, Yunyang; Wu, Di; Zuo, Wangda

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.119571

An assessment of power flexibility from commercial building cooling systems in the United States

Journal Article · Thu Apr 01 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Energy (Oxford)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.119571· OSTI ID:1764735

Huang, Sen; ; Wu, Di; Zuo, Wangda

Understanding varying characteristics and aggregate potential of power flexibility from different building types considering regional diversity is critically important to actively engaging building resources in future eco-friendly, low-cost, and sustainable power systems. This paper presents a comprehensive characteristics analysis and potential assessment of the power flexibility from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) loads in commercial buildings in the U.S. using a simulation-based method. In this method, commercial buildings are first grouped by building types and climate regions. The U.S. Department of Energy Commercial Prototype Building Models are used to represent an average building in each group and are simulated to characterize corresponding power flexibility. Based on building survey data, the number of commercial buildings in each group is estimated and used to calculate aggregate power flexibility. It is found that HVAC loads in commercial buildings offer more flexibility for increasing power consumption than for decreasing it. The power consumption of commercial buildings in the U.S. can be increased by 46 GW and decreased by 40 GW on peak summer days. Among all commercial building types, standalone retail buildings provide the most absolute flexibility while the medium office buildings have the most flexibility as a percentage of the rated power consumption.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Building Technologies Office (EE-5B)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1764735

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1809574
OSTI ID: 1768321
OSTI ID: 23199839

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5500-79215; PNNL-SA--151748

Journal Information:: Energy (Oxford), Journal Name: Energy (Oxford) Vol. 221; ISSN 0360-5442

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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An assessment of power flexibility from commercial building cooling systems in the United States

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