New Insights into the High‐Performance Black Phosphorus Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Li, Minsi; Li, Weihan; Hu, Yongfeng; Yakovenko, Andrey A.; Ren, Yang; Luo, Jing; Holden, William M.; Shakouri, Mohsen; Xiao, Qunfeng; Gao, Xuejie; Zhao, Feipeng; Liang, Jianwen; Feng, Renfei; Li, Ruying; Seidler, Gerald T.; Brandys, Frank; Divigalpitiya, Ranjith; Sham, Tsun‐Kong; Sun, Xueliang

doi:10.1002/adma.202101259

New Insights into the High‐Performance Black Phosphorus Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Journal Article · Thu Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Advanced Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202101259· OSTI ID:1809367

Li, Minsi ^[1]; Li, Weihan ^[1]; Hu, Yongfeng ^[2]; Yakovenko, Andrey A. ^[3]; Ren, Yang ^[3]; Luo, Jing ^[4]; Holden, William M. ^[5]; Shakouri, Mohsen ^[2]; Xiao, Qunfeng ^[2]; Gao, Xuejie ^[1]; Zhao, Feipeng ^[4]; Liang, Jianwen ^[4]; Feng, Renfei ^[2]; Li, Ruying ^[4]; Seidler, Gerald T. ^[6]; Brandys, Frank ^[7]; Divigalpitiya, Ranjith ^[7]; Sham, Tsun‐Kong ^[8]; ^[4]

Department of Chemistry and Soochow‐Western Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
Canadian Light Source 44 Innovation Boulevard Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 2V3 Canada
Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
easyXAFS LLC Renton WA 98057 USA
Physics Department University of Washington Seattle WA 98195‐1560 USA
3M Canada Company 1840 Oxford Street East London Ontario N5V 3R6 Canada
Department of Chemistry and Soochow‐Western Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada

Abstract

Black phosphorus (BP) is a promising anode material in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high electrical conductivity and capacity. However, the huge volume change of BP during cycling induces rapid capacity fading. In addition, the unclear electrochemical mechanism of BP hinders the development of rational designs and preparation of high‐performance BP‐based anodes. Here, a high‐performance nanostructured BP–graphite–carbon nanotubes composite (BP/G/CNTs) synthesized using ball‐milling method is reported. The BP/G/CNTs anode delivers a high initial capacity of 1375 mA h g ⁻¹ at 0.15 A g ⁻¹ and maintains 1031.7 mA h g ⁻¹ after 450 cycles. Excellent high‐rate performance is demonstrated with a capacity of 508.1 mA h g ⁻¹ after 3000 cycles at 2 A g ⁻¹ . Moreover, for the first time, direct evidence is provided experimentally to present the electrochemical mechanism of BP anodes with three‐step lithiation and delithiation using ex situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ex situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), ex situ X‐ray emission spectroscopy, operando XRD, and operando XAS, which reveal the formation of Li ₃ P ₇ , LiP, and Li ₃ P. Furthermore, the study indicates an open‐circuit relaxation effect of the electrode with ex situ and operando XAS analyses.

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1809367

Journal Information:: Advanced Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Materials Journal Issue: 35 Vol. 33; ISSN 0935-9648

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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