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Nanostructure-specific X-ray tomography reveals myelin levels, integrity and axon orientations in mouse and human nervous tissue

Journal Article · · Nature Communications
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [8];  [8];  [8];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [6];  [11];  [2];  [2];  [2] more »;  [12];  [12];  [4];  [10];  [8];  [8];  [6];  [8];  [13] « less
  1. Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich (Switzerland); New York Univ. (NYU), NY (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
  2. Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich (Switzerland)
  3. Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich (Switzerland); Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland)
  4. Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland)
  5. Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Gothenburg (Sweden)
  6. Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
  7. Univ. of Denver, CO (United States)
  8. New York Univ. (NYU), NY (United States)
  9. Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (United States)
  10. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
  11. Univ. of Zurich (Switzerland)
  12. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  13. Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich (Switzerland); Univ. of Zurich (Switzerland)
+ Show Author Affiliations
Myelin insulates neuronal axons and enables fast signal transmission, constituting a key component of brain development, aging and disease. Yet, myelin-specific imaging of macroscopic samples remains a challenge. Here, we exploit myelin’s nanostructural periodicity, and use small-angle X-ray scattering tensor tomography (SAXS-TT) to simultaneously quantify myelin levels, nanostructural integrity and axon orientations in nervous tissue. Proof-of-principle is demonstrated in whole mouse brain, mouse spinal cord and human white and gray matter samples. Outcomes are validated by 2D/3D histology and compared to MRI measurements sensitive to myelin and axon orientations. Specificity to nanostructure is exemplified by concomitantly imaging different myelin types with distinct periodicities. Finally, we illustrate the method’s sensitivity towards myelin-related diseases by quantifying myelin alterations in dysmyelinated mouse brain. This non-destructive, stain-free molecular imaging approach enables quantitative studies of myelination within and across samples during development, aging, disease and treatment, and is applicable to other ordered biomolecules or nanostructures.
Research Organization:
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
National Institutes of Health (NIH); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515; SC0012704
OSTI ID:
1808596
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1817356
Report Number(s):
BNL--222056-2021-JAAM
Journal Information:
Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 12; ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Myelin biology and repair
SAXS
imaging
imaging techniques
nervous system