An omnivorous mesopredator modifies predation of omnivore-dispersed seeds

Bartel, Savannah; Orrock, John

doi:10.1002/ecs2.3369

An omnivorous mesopredator modifies predation of omnivore-dispersed seeds

Journal Article · Mon Feb 08 23:00:00 EST 2021 · Ecosphere

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3369· OSTI ID:1805180

Bartel, Savannah ^[1]; Orrock, John ^[2]

Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); USDA Forest Service-Savannah River
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Post-dispersal seed predation is an important determinant of plant recruitment. Although many plant species are dispersed following consumption by omnivorous vertebrates, the potential for these dispersal agents to indirectly affect seed fate by modifying seed predator behavior is poorly understood. We evaluated the hypothesis that the scat of an omnivorous vertebrate (coyote, Canis latrans), which is also a rodent predator, would reduce seed predation by rodent granivores. We also hypothesized that scat would lead to increased removal by arthropod seed predators by providing a resource that attracts ants and other arthropods. We examined the role of omnivore deposition on seed predation of two animal-dispersed species that differed in size: Larger Prunus serotina seeds are attacked only by rodents, whereas smaller Rubus allegheniensis seeds are attacked by arthropods and rodents. Using an experiment that manipulated the presence of coyote scat and access by different granivore guilds, we found that scat reduced the total number of seeds removed from full-access depots by 12%, but it increased the total number of seeds removed from arthropod-only depots by 43%. Rodent removal of P. serotina seeds was 21% lower in the presence of scat. Scat composition was also important in affecting rodent seed predation, with seed predation 50% lower in the presence of meat-rich scat compared with mixed or fruit-rich scat. Arthropod removal of R. allegheniensis seeds was 43% higher in the presence of scat. Prunus serotina seeds were generally removed at greater rates than R. allegheniensis seeds in full-access trays; however, scat reduced this difference in removal rates from 37% more P. serotina seeds removed to 18% more P. serotina seeds removed. These findings illuminate a new pathway through which omnivores may influence plant populations by modifying post-dispersal seed predation by arthropods and rodents. Moreover, our results indicate that the ultimate effect of vertebrate omnivores on seed survival in a given region may depend upon omnivore diet, dominant seed predator guilds, and differences in granivore seed preference.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: USDA Forest Service, Savannah River, New Ellenton, SC (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program

Grant/Contract Number:: EM0003622

OSTI ID:: 1805180

Report Number(s):: 21-02-P; 21-02-P

Journal Information:: Ecosphere, Journal Name: Ecosphere Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 12; ISSN 2150-8925

Publisher:: Ecological Society of AmericaCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
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scat
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An omnivorous mesopredator modifies predation of omnivore-dispersed seeds

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