WISE J072003.20-084651.2B is a Massive T Dwarf

Dupuy, Trent J.; Liu, Michael C.; Best, William M.  J.; Mann, Andrew W.; Tucker, Michael A.; Zhang, Zhoujian; Baraffe, Isabelle; Chabrier, Gilles; Forveille, Thierry; Metchev, Stanimir A.; Tremblin, Pascal; Do, Aaron; Payne, Anna V.; Shappee, B. J.; Bond, Charlotte Z.; Cetre, Sylvain; Chun, Mark; Delorme, Jacques-Robert; Jovanovic, Nemanja; Lilley, Scott; Mawet, Dimitri; Ragland, Sam; Wetherell, Ed; Wizinowich, Peter

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab3cd1

Title: WISE J072003.20-084651.2B is a Massive T Dwarf

Journal Article · Thu Oct 10 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · The Astronomical Journal (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab3cd1· OSTI ID:1803689

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^[2]; Zhang, Zhoujian ^[2]; Baraffe, Isabelle ^[5];

^[5]; Forveille, Thierry ^[6];

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^[2]; Payne, Anna V. ^[2];

^[2]; Bond, Charlotte Z. ^[2]; Cetre, Sylvain ^[9]; Chun, Mark ^[2]; Delorme, Jacques-Robert ^[10]; Jovanovic, Nemanja ^[10]; Lilley, Scott ^[9] more »

Gemini Observatory, Hilo, HI (United States)
Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States)
Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States)
Univ. of Exeter (United Kingdom); Univ. of Lyon (France)
Univ. of Grenoble Alpes (France)
The Univ. of Western Ontario, London, ON (Canada)
Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
W.M. Keck Observatory, Kamuela, HI (United States)
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)

We present individual dynamical masses for the nearby M9.5+T5.5 binary WISE J072003.20-084651.2AB, a.k.a. Scholz’s star. Combining high-precision Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope/WIRCam photocenter astrometry and Keck adaptive optics resolved imaging, we measure the first high-quality parallactic distance ($$6.80^{+0.05}_{-0.06}$$ pc) and orbit ($$8.06^{+0.24}_{-0.25}$$yr period) for this system composed of a low-mass star and brown dwarf. We find a moderately eccentric orbit ($$e = 0.240^{+0.009}_{-0.010}$$), incompatible with previous work based on less data, and dynamical masses of 99 ± 6 M_Jup and 66 ± 4 M_Jup for the two components. The primary mass is marginally inconsistent (2.1σ) with the empirical mass–magnitude–metallicity relation and models of main-sequence stars. The relatively high mass of the cold (T_eff = 1250 ± 40 K) brown dwarf companion indicates an age older than a few gigayears, in accord with age estimates for the primary star, and is consistent with our recent estimate of ≈70 M_Jup for the stellar/substellar boundary among the field population. Our improved parallax and proper motion, as well as an orbit-corrected system velocity, improve the accuracy of the system’s close encounter with the solar system by an order of magnitude. WISE J0720-0846AB passed within 68.7 ± 2.0 kau of the Sun 80.5 ± 0.7 kyr ago, passing through the outer Oort cloud where comets can have stable orbits.

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Research Organization:: Krell Institute, Ames, IA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0019323; AST-1518339; AST-1611623; AST-1106391

OSTI ID:: 1803689

Journal Information:: The Astronomical Journal (Online), Vol. 158, Issue 5; ISSN 1538-3881

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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The W. M. Keck Observatory Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics System: Performance Characterization van Dam, Marcos A.; Bouchez, Antonin H.; Le Mignant, David Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 118, Issue 840 https://doi.org/10.1086/499498	journal	February 2006
The Evolution of L and T Dwarfs in Color-Magnitude Diagrams Saumon, D.; Marley, M. S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0808.2611	text	January 2008
Direct imaging of an ultracool substellar companion to the exoplanet host star HD 4113 A Cheetham, A.; Ségransan, D.; Peretti, S. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 614 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201630136	journal	June 2018
First light of the VLT planet finder SPHERE. I. Detection and characterization of the sub-stellar companion GJ 758 B Vigan, A.; Bonnefoy, M.; Ginski, C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1511.04076	text	January 2015
Discovery of a Highly Unequal-Mass Binary t Dwarf with keck Laser Guide star Adaptive Optics: a Coevality test of Substellar Theoretical Models and Effective Temperatures Liu, Michael C.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Leggett, S. K. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 722, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/311	journal	September 2010
The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. ii. Young Ultracool Field Dwarfs Liu, Michael C.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Allers, Katelyn N. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 833, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/833/1/96	journal	December 2016
The Mass-Luminosity Relation in the L/T Transition: Individual Dynamical Masses for the New J-Band Flux Reversal Binary SDSSJ105213.51+442255.7AB Dupuy, Trent J.; Liu, Michael C.; Leggett, S. K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1503.06212	text	January 2015
First light of the VLT planet finder SPHERE: I. Detection and characterization of the substellar companion GJ 758 B⋆ Vigan, A.; Bonnefoy, M.; Ginski, C. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 587 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526465	journal	February 2016
The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. II. Young Ultracool Field Dwarfs Liu, Michael C.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Allers, Katelyn N. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1612.02426	text	January 2016
The Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (Wise): Mission Description and Initial On-Orbit Performance Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R. M.; Mainzer, Amy K. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 140, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1868	journal	November 2010
SpeX SPECTROSCOPY OF UNRESOLVED VERY LOW MASS BINARIES. II. IDENTIFICATION OF 14 CANDIDATE BINARIES WITH LATE-M/EARLY-L AND T DWARF COMPONENTS Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Gelino, Christopher R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 794, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/794/2/143	journal	October 2014
The Dependence of Brown Dwarf Radii on Atmospheric Metallicity and Clouds: Theory and Comparison with Observations Burrows, Adam; Heng, Kevin; Nampaisarn, Thane The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 736, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/47	journal	July 2011
Properties of the solar neighbor WISE J072003.20-084651.2 Ivanov, V. D.; Vaisanen, P.; Kniazev, A. Y. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1410.6792	text	January 2014
Primeval very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs - V. A halo L3 subdwarf with prograde eccentric orbit in the Galactic plane Zhang, Z. H.; Burgasser, A. J.; Smith, L. C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.02207	text	January 2019

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