Free Space Ramsey Spectroscopy in Rubidium with Noise below the Quantum Projection Limit

Malia, Benjamin K.; Martínez-Rincón, Julián; Wu, Yunfan; Hosten, Onur; Kasevich, Mark A.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.125.043202

Free Space Ramsey Spectroscopy in Rubidium with Noise below the Quantum Projection Limit

Journal Article · Fri Jul 24 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Physical Review Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.125.043202· OSTI ID:1803604

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[3]; Kasevich, Mark A. ^[2]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States); OSTI
Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg (Austria)

In this work, we demonstrate the utility of optical cavity generated spin-squeezed states in free space atomic fountain clocks in ensembles of 390 000 ⁸⁷Rb atoms. Fluorescence imaging, correlated to an initial quantum nondemolition measurement, is used for population spectroscopy after the atoms are released from a confining lattice. For a free fall time of 4 milliseconds, we resolve a single-shot phase sensitivity of 814(61) microradians, which is 5.8(0.6) decibels (dB) below the quantum projection limit. We observe that this squeezing is preserved as the cloud expands to a roughly 200 μ m radius and falls roughly 300 μm in free space. Ramsey spectroscopy with 240 000 atoms at a 3.6 ms Ramsey time results in a single-shot fractional frequency stability of 8.4(0.2) × 10^–12, 3.8(0.2) dB below the quantum projection limit. The sensitivity and stability are limited by the technical noise in the fluorescence detection protocol and the microwave system, respectively.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR); USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0019174

OSTI ID:: 1803604

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 125; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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