Direct observation of van der Waals stacking–dependent interlayer magnetism

Chen, Weijong; Sun, Zeyuan; Wang, Zhongjie; Gu, Lehua; Xu, Xiaodong; Wu, Shiwei; Gao, Chunlei

doi:10.1126/science.aav1937

Direct observation of van der Waals stacking–dependent interlayer magnetism

Journal Article · Thu Nov 21 04:00:00 EST 2019 · Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav1937· OSTI ID:1803273

^[1]; ; ; ; ; ;

OSTI

Controlling the crystal structure is a powerful approach for manipulating the fundamental properties of solids. In van der Waals materials, this control can be achieved by modifying the stacking order through rotation and translation between the layers. Here, we observed stacking-dependent interlayer magnetism in the two-dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductor chromium tribromide (CrBr₃), which was enabled by the successful growth of its monolayer and bilayer through molecular beam epitaxy. Using in situ spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we directly correlate the atomic lattice structure with the observed magnetic order. Although the individual monolayer CrBr₃is ferromagnetic, the interlayer coupling in bilayer depends on the stacking order and can be either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic. Our observations pave the way for manipulating 2D magnetism with layer twist angle control.

Research Organization:: Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

DOE Contract Number:: SC0018171

OSTI ID:: 1803273

Journal Information:: Science, Journal Name: Science Journal Issue: 6468 Vol. 366; ISSN 0036-8075

Publisher:: AAAS

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (39)

Raman spectroscopy of atomically thin two-dimensional magnetic iron phosphorus trisulfide (FePS ₃ ) crystals Wang, Xingzhi; Du, Kezhao; Fredrik Liu, Yu Yang 2D Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/3/3/031009	journal	August 2016
Crystal and Magnetic Structures in Layered, Transition Metal Dihalides and Trihalides McGuire, Michael Crystals, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst7050121	journal	April 2017
Room Temperature Intrinsic Ferromagnetism in Epitaxial Manganese Selenide Films in the Monolayer Limit O’Hara, Dante J.; Zhu, Tiancong; Trout, Amanda H. Nano Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00683	journal	April 2018
Gate-tunable room-temperature ferromagnetism in two-dimensional Fe3GeTe2 Deng, Yujun; Yu, Yijun; Song, Yichen Nature, Vol. 563, Issue 7729 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0626-9	journal	October 2018
Valley and band structure engineering of folded MoS2 bilayers Jiang, Tao; Liu, Hengrui; Huang, Di Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.176	journal	August 2014
Magnon-assisted tunnelling in van der Waals heterostructures based on CrBr3 Ghazaryan, D.; Greenaway, M. T.; Wang, Z. Nature Electronics, Vol. 1, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-018-0087-z	journal	June 2018
Spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscopy Bode, M. Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 66, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/66/4/203	journal	March 2003
Giant nonreciprocal second-harmonic generation from antiferromagnetic bilayer CrI3 Sun, Zeyuan; Yi, Yangfan; Song, Tiancheng Nature, Vol. 572, Issue 7770 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1445-3	journal	July 2019
Spin mapping at the nanoscale and atomic scale Wiesendanger, Roland Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1495	journal	November 2009
Twistable electronics with dynamically rotatable heterostructures Ribeiro-Palau, Rebeca; Zhang, Changjian; Watanabe, Kenji Science, Vol. 361, Issue 6403 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat6981	journal	August 2018
Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit Huang, Bevin; Clark, Genevieve; Navarro-Moratalla, Efrén Nature, Vol. 546, Issue 7657 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22391	journal	June 2017
Interplay between interlayer exchange and stacking in CrI3 bilayers Soriano, D.; Cardoso, C.; Fernández-Rossier, J. Solid State Communications, Vol. 299 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2019.113662	journal	September 2019
Robust intrinsic ferromagnetism and half semiconductivity in stable two-dimensional single-layer chromium trihalides Zhang, Wei-Bing; Qu, Qian; Zhu, Peng Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 3, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TC02840J	journal	January 2015
Probing magnetism in 2D van der Waals crystalline insulators via electron tunneling Klein, D. R.; MacNeill, D.; Lado, J. L. Science, Vol. 360, Issue 6394 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar3617	journal	May 2018
Skyrmions in the Moiré of van der Waals 2D Magnets Tong, Qingjun; Liu, Fei; Xiao, Jiang Nano Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03315	journal	October 2018
Electrical control of 2D magnetism in bilayer CrI3 Huang, Bevin; Clark, Genevieve; Klein, Dahlia R. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0121-3	journal	April 2018
Electric-field switching of two-dimensional van der Waals magnets Jiang, Shengwei; Shan, Jie; Mak, Kin Fai Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0040-6	journal	March 2018
2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures Novoselov, K. S.; Mishchenko, A.; Carvalho, A. Science, Vol. 353, Issue 6298 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac9439	journal	July 2016
Controlling magnetism in 2D CrI3 by electrostatic doping Jiang, Shengwei; Li, Lizhong; Wang, Zefang Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0135-x	journal	May 2018
Ising-Type Magnetic Ordering in Atomically Thin FePS ₃ Lee, Jae-Ung; Lee, Sungmin; Ryoo, Ji Hoon Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03052	journal	November 2016
Two-dimensional itinerant ferromagnetism in atomically thin Fe3GeTe2 Fei, Zaiyao; Huang, Bevin; Malinowski, Paul Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0149-7	journal	August 2018
Very large tunneling magnetoresistance in layered magnetic semiconductor CrI3 Wang, Zhe; Gutiérrez-Lezama, Ignacio; Ubrig, Nicolas Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04953-8	journal	June 2018
Microscopic understanding of magnetic interactions in bilayer CrI 3 Jang, Seung Woo; Jeong, Min Yong; Yoon, Hongkee Physical Review Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.3.031001	journal	March 2019
Stacking symmetry governed second harmonic generation in graphene trilayers Shan, Yuwei; Li, Yingguo; Huang, Di Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat0074	journal	June 2018
Strong room-temperature ferromagnetism in VSe2 monolayers on van der Waals substrates Bonilla, Manuel; Kolekar, Sadhu; Ma, Yujing Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0063-9	journal	February 2018
The Electrical Properties of Chromium Tribromide Kanazawa, K. K.; Street, G. B. physica status solidi (b), Vol. 38, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.19700380146	journal	January 1970
Stacking-Dependent Magnetism in Bilayer CrI ₃ Sivadas, Nikhil; Okamoto, Satoshi; Xu, Xiaodong Nano Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03321	journal	November 2018
Stacking tunable interlayer magnetism in bilayer CrI 3 Jiang, Peiheng; Wang, Cong; Chen, Dachuan Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.99.144401	journal	April 2019
On the origin of magnetic anisotropy in two dimensional CrI ₃ Lado, J. L.; Fernández-Rossier, J. 2D Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aa75ed	journal	June 2017
The chemistry of two-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets Chhowalla, Manish; Shin, Hyeon Suk; Eda, Goki Nature Chemistry, Vol. 5, Issue 4, p. 263-275 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1589	journal	April 2013
Giant tunneling magnetoresistance in spin-filter van der Waals heterostructures Song, Tiancheng; Cai, Xinghan; Tu, Matisse Wei-Yuan Science, Vol. 360, Issue 6394 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar4851	journal	May 2018
Probing magnetism in 2D materials at the nanoscale with single-spin microscopy Thiel, L.; Wang, Z.; Tschudin, M. A. Science, Vol. 364, Issue 6444 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav6926	journal	April 2019
Growth, structure, electronic, and magnetic properties of MgO/Fe(001) bilayers and Fe/MgO/Fe(001) trilayers Klaua, M.; Ullmann, D.; Barthel, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 64, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.64.134411	journal	September 2001
Observation of an electrically tunable band gap in trilayer graphene Lui, Chun Hung; Li, Zhiqiang; Mak, Kin Fai Nature Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2102	journal	September 2011
Stacking-dependent band gap and quantum transport in trilayer graphene Bao, W.; Jing, L.; Velasco, J. Nature Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2103	journal	September 2011
Van der Waals heterostructures Geim, A. K.; Grigorieva, I. V. Nature, Vol. 499, Issue 7459, p. 419-425 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12385	journal	July 2013
Coupling of Crystal Structure and Magnetism in the Layered, Ferromagnetic Insulator CrI ₃ McGuire, Michael A.; Dixit, Hemant; Cooper, Valentino R. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm504242t	journal	January 2015
Spectroscopic studies of the two-dimensional magnetic insulators chromium trichloride and chromium tribromide—II Bermudez, Victor M.; McClure, Donald S. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 40, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(79)90031-3	journal	January 1979
Discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals Gong, Cheng; Li, Lin; Li, Zhenglu Nature, Vol. 546, Issue 7657 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22060	journal	April 2017

Similar Records

Twist Angle-Dependent Interlayer Exciton Lifetimes in van der Waals Heterostructures

Journal Article · Mon Jan 25 19:00:00 EST 2021 · Physical Review Letters · OSTI ID:1764224

Replication Data for: Direct observation of van der Waals stacking dependent interlayer magnetism

Dataset · Fri Oct 04 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · OSTI ID:1872559

Related Subjects

Science & Technology - Other Topics

Direct observation of van der Waals stacking–dependent interlayer magnetism

Citation Formats

References (39)

Similar Records

Related Subjects