Peak Ground Velocity Spatial Variability Revealed by Dense Seismic Array in Southern California

Johnson, Christopher W.; Kilb, Debi; Baltay, Annemarie; Vernon, Frank

doi:10.1029/2019jb019157

Peak Ground Velocity Spatial Variability Revealed by Dense Seismic Array in Southern California

Journal Article · Mon Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jb019157· OSTI ID:1803023

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Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA (United States); OSTI
Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA (United States)
US Geological Survey, Moffett Field, CA (United States)

There are an infinite number of locations where seismic waves interact with Earth's surface, yet seismologists can only record a finite set of ground motions. This requires assumptions about how known measurements or predictions can be extrapolated to nearby locations. We test to what extent extrapolation is viable using an array of 1,108 geophones installed 10–20 m apart within a 0.36 km² study area for 1 month atop the San Jacinto Fault in Southern California. Measuring ground motions from 38 small local earthquakes, we observe peak ground velocity (PGV) variations up to 22% across the array. We find the basin structure consistently traps energy, amplifying the seismic velocities, and that the damaged region within the fault reduces the PGVs. Comparing surface and borehole measurements (148 m deep), we find PGVs recorded at the surface are 3–10 times greater than the measurements at depth. We attribute these differences to amplification from soft sediments within the basin. We show that by leveraging information from >1,000 measurements per earthquake the ground motion velocities can be tightly constrained. These results suggest the spatial extrapolation of PGVs in regions of known faults and basins, even across a small area, should be done with caution.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States); Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0016520; SC0016527

OSTI ID:: 1803023

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1633941

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 125; ISSN 2169-9313

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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