Skip to main content
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Different bonding type along each crystallographic axis: Computational study of poly($$\textit{p}$$-phenylene terephthalamide)

Journal Article · · Physical Review Materials
Poly($$\textit{p}$$-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) exhibits van der Waals (vdW) bonding along its $$\textit{a}$$ axis, hydrogen bonding along its $$\textit{b}$$ axis, and covalent bonding along its $$\textit{c}$$ axis. In this work, we explore the structural and mechanical properties of PPTA using density functional theory with various functionals including LDA, PBE, PBE+rVV10L, SCAN, and SCAN+rVV10, compared with available experiments. The hierarchy of nonempirical semilocal functionals LDA, PBE, and SCAN (not fitted to any multicenter bonded system) includes differing amounts of intermediate-range vdW interaction. rVV10 is the long-range vdW correction. (rVV10L differs from rVV10 only in the value of a range parameter.) Among the tested functionals, SCAN shows the best performance for the lattice parameters of PPTA along the two crystal directions involving vdW or hydrogen-bond interaction. The equilibrium lattice constants obtained by SCAN and PBE+rVV10L are closest to experimental data, while SCAN+rVV10 slightly overbinds the system. We study the mechanical response of PPTA by applying strain along three lattice directions. Due to the inclusion of vdW interaction, SCAN, PBE+rVV10L, and SCAN+rVV10 all exhibit correct bonding strain-energy curves. On the contrary, PBE strongly underestimates the vdW interaction needed to resist uniaxial stretching along the $$\textit{a}$$ axis. The Young's modulus and yield strength of PPTA are computed and compared with previous results. The experimental values are much smaller than the computed ones, mainly due to the fact that the PPTA fiber samples used for measurements are mechanically weaker than the perfect molecular crystals considered in the simulations. Interestingly, when a compressive uniaxial stress of 25 Kbar is applied along the $$\textit{b}$$ axis, a structural phase transition, in which the hydrogen bonds reform along one diagonal of the $$\textit{ab}$$ rectangle, is predicted by SCAN.
Research Organization:
Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Complex Materials from First Principles (CCM); Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
National Science Foundation (NSF); US Army Research Laboratory (USARL); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0012575
OSTI ID:
1802402
Journal Information:
Physical Review Materials, Journal Name: Physical Review Materials Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 4; ISSN 2475-9953
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (61)

Many-Body Dispersion Interactions in Molecular Crystal Polymorphism journal May 2013
Rigid-rod polymeric fibers journal January 2006
On the crystal and molecular structure of poly-(p-phenylene terephthalamide) journal May 1973
Supramolecular structure of a high-modulus polyaromatic fiber (Kevlar 49) journal December 1977
Density functional theory with London dispersion corrections: Density functional theory with London dispersion corrections journal March 2011
Relationship between structure and mechanical properties for aramid fibres journal January 1992
X-ray diffraction study of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibres journal September 1974
Internal structure of Kevlar® fibres by atomic force microscopy journal November 1993
Efficiency of ab-initio total energy calculations for metals and semiconductors using a plane-wave basis set journal July 1996
Structure–property relation in poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) fibers journal June 2001
Strain-dependent vibrational spectra and elastic modulus of poly(p-phenylene terephtalamide) from first-principles calculations journal May 2017
Electronic Exchange and Correlation in van der Waals Systems: Balancing Semilocal and Nonlocal Energy Contributions journal February 2018
van der Waals Correction to the Physisorption of Graphene on Metal Surfaces journal May 2019
Effect of Functional and Electron Correlation on the Structure and Spectroscopy of the Al 2 O 3 (001)–H 2 O Interface journal April 2019
Structural Studies of Polyaramid Fibers: Solid-State NMR and First-Principles Modeling journal July 2016
Understanding Molecular Crystals with Dispersion-Inclusive Density Functional Theory: Pairwise Corrections and Beyond journal June 2014
Stabilization and Structure Calculations for Noncovalent Interactions in Extended Molecular Systems Based on Wave Function and Density Functional Theories journal September 2010
Efficient and Accurate Double-Hybrid-Meta-GGA Density Functionals—Evaluation with the Extended GMTKN30 Database for General Main Group Thermochemistry, Kinetics, and Noncovalent Interactions journal December 2010
Benchmarking of London Dispersion-Accounting Density Functional Theory Methods on Very Large Molecular Complexes journal February 2013
How Do DFT-DCP, DFT-NL, and DFT-D3 Compare for the Description of London-Dispersion Effects in Conformers and General Thermochemistry? journal February 2014
An ab Initio Study of Solid Nitromethane, HMX, RDX, and CL20:  Successes and Failures of DFT journal September 2004
Assessment of Dispersion Corrected Atom Centered Pseudopotentials: Application to Energetic Molecular Crystals journal February 2011
Intermolecular Interaction Energies in Molecular Crystals: Comparison and Agreement of Localized Møller–Plesset 2, Dispersion-Corrected Density Functional, and Classical Empirical Two-Body Calculations journal October 2011
DFT-D3 Study of Some Molecular Crystals journal March 2014
Seamless and Accurate Modeling of Organic Molecular Materials journal March 2013
Accurate Modeling of Organic Molecular Crystals by Dispersion-Corrected Density Functional Tight Binding (DFTB) journal May 2014
Analysis of structure of polymorphism in poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide) through correlation of simulation and experiment journal April 1991
On the radial structure of Kevlar journal September 1983
Elastic Moduli and Molecular Structures of Several Crystalline Polymers, Including Aromatic Polyamides journal March 1977
A Characterization of Orientation in a Highly Oriented Polymeric Fiber by Fluorescence Depolarization: Kevlar 49 journal July 1979
Accurate first-principles structures and energies of diversely bonded systems from an efficient density functional journal June 2016
van der Waals dispersion interactions in molecular materials: beyond pairwise additivity journal January 2015
Importance of London dispersion effects for the packing of molecular crystals: a case study for intramolecular stacking in a bis-thiophene derivative journal January 2010
Characterization of Kevlar Using Raman Spectroscopy journal May 2009
Exchange-hole dipole moment and the dispersion interaction journal April 2005
Nonlocal van der Waals density functional: The simpler the better journal December 2010
Perspective: Advances and challenges in treating van der Waals dispersion forces in density functional theory journal September 2012
Understanding the role of vibrations, exact exchange, and many-body van der Waals interactions in the cohesive properties of molecular crystals journal July 2013
Note: Assessment of the SCAN+rVV10 functional for the structure of liquid water journal December 2017
Ab initio theory and modeling of water journal September 2017
Fast and accurate quantum Monte Carlo for molecular crystals journal February 2018
Projector augmented-wave method journal December 1994
Nonlocal van der Waals density functional made simple and efficient journal January 2013
Exchange functional that tests the robustness of the plasmon description of the van der Waals density functional journal January 2014
Benchmark tests of a strongly constrained semilocal functional with a long-range dispersion correction journal September 2016
Rehabilitation of the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation for layered materials journal February 2017
Accurate critical pressures for structural phase transitions of group IV, III-V, and II-VI compounds from the SCAN density functional journal March 2018
Modeling the physisorption of graphene on metals journal April 2018
From semilocal density functionals to random phase approximation renormalized perturbation theory: A methodological assessment of structural phase transitions journal June 2018
Role of Dispersion Interactions in the Polymorphism and Entropic Stabilization of the Aspirin Crystal journal July 2014
Strongly Constrained and Appropriately Normed Semilocal Density Functional journal July 2015
Do Semilocal Density-Functional Approximations Recover Dispersion Energies at Small Intermonomer Separations? journal September 2018
Applicability of the Strongly Constrained and Appropriately Normed Density Functional to Transition-Metal Magnetism journal November 2018
Ground State of the Electron Gas by a Stochastic Method journal August 1980
Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple journal October 1996
Van der Waals Density Functional for Layered Structures journal September 2003
Performance of the strongly constrained and appropriately normed density functional for solid-state materials journal June 2018
Molecule-surface interaction from van der Waals-corrected semilocal density functionals: The example of thiophene on transition-metal surfaces journal February 2020
Versatile van der Waals Density Functional Based on a Meta-Generalized Gradient Approximation journal October 2016
Mechanical Properties of Kevlar® KM2 Single Fiber journal April 2005
Van der Waals Interactions Between Organic Adsorbates and at Organic/Inorganic Interfaces journal June 2010

Similar Records

Rethinking CO adsorption on transition-metal surfaces: Effect of density-driven self-interaction errors
Journal Article · Sun Jul 28 20:00:00 EDT 2019 · Physical Review B · OSTI ID:1611875

Density functionals combined with van der Waals corrections for graphene adsorbed on layered materials
Journal Article · Thu May 14 20:00:00 EDT 2020 · Physical Review B · OSTI ID:1802403

van der Waals corrected density functionals for cylindrical surfaces: Ammonia and nitrogen dioxide adsorbed on a single-walled carbon nanotube
Journal Article · Sun May 09 20:00:00 EDT 2021 · Physical Review. B · OSTI ID:1852538