Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers

Azzam, Shaimaa I.; Kildishev, Alexander V.; Ma, Ren-Min; Ning, Cun-Zheng; Oulton, Rupert; Shalaev, Vladimir M.; Stockman, Mark I.; Xu, Jia-Lu; Zhang, Xiang

doi:10.1038/s41377-020-0319-7

Title: Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers

Journal Article · Mon May 25 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Light, Science & Applications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-020-0319-7· OSTI ID:1800011

Azzam, Shaimaa I. ^[1];

^[1];

^[2]; Ning, Cun-Zheng ^[3];

^[4];

^[1]; Stockman, Mark I. ^[5]; Xu, Jia-Lu ^[6]; Zhang, Xiang ^[7]

Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States). Birck Nanotechnology Center. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States). Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Inst.
Peking Univ., Beijing (China). State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics. School of Physics; Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing (China)
Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China). International Center for NanoOptoelectronics. Dept. of Electronic Engineering; Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States). School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering
Imperial College, London (United Kingdom). The Blackett Lab.
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy. Center for Nano-Optics (CeNO)
Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China). International Center for NanoOptoelectronics. Dept. of Electronic Engineering
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center; Hong Kong Univ. (Hong Kong). Faculties of Sciences and Engineering

Ten years ago, three teams experimentally demonstrated the first spasers, or plasmonic nanolasers, after the spaser concept was first proposed theoretically in 2003. An overview of the significant progress achieved over the last 10 years is presented here, together with the original context of and motivations for this research. After a general introduction, we first summarize the fundamental properties of spasers and discuss the major motivations that led to the first demonstrations of spasers and nanolasers. This is followed by an overview of crucial technological progress, including lasing threshold reduction, dynamic modulation, room-temperature operation, electrical injection, the control and improvement of spasers, the array operation of spasers, and selected applications of single-particle spasers. Research prospects are presented in relation to several directions of development, including further miniaturization, the relationship with Bose–Einstein condensation, novel spaser-based interconnects, and other features of spasers and plasmonic lasers that have yet to be realized or challenges that are still to be overcome.

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Research Organization:: Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-01ER15213; SC0007043

OSTI ID:: 1800011

Journal Information:: Light, Science & Applications, Vol. 9, Issue 1; ISSN 2047-7538

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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