3D Detection of Lithiation and Lithium Plating in Graphite Anodes during Fast Charging

Ho, Alec S.; Parkinson, Dilworth Y.; Finegan, Donal P.; Trask, Stephen E.; Jansen, Andrew N.; Tong, Wei; Balsara, Nitash P.

doi:10.1021/acsnano.1c02942

3D Detection of Lithiation and Lithium Plating in Graphite Anodes during Fast Charging

Journal Article · Thu Jun 10 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · ACS Nano

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c02942· OSTI ID:1798289

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]; Jansen, Andrew N. ^[4]; Tong, Wei ^[2]; ^[1]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)

A barrier to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles is enabling fast charging lithium-ion batteries. At normal charging rates, lithium ions intercalate into the graphite electrode. At high charging rates, lithiation is inhomogeneous, and metallic lithium can plate on the graphite particles, reducing capacity and causing safety concerns. We have built a cell for conducting high-resolution in situ X-ray microtomography experiments to quantify three-dimensional lithiation inhomogeneity and lithium plating. Our studies reveal an unexpected correlation between these two phenomena. During fast charging, a layer of mossy lithium metal plates at the graphite electrode–separator interface. The transport bottlenecks resulting from this layer lead to underlithiated graphite particles well-removed from the separator, near the current collector. These underlithiated particles lie directly underneath the mossy lithium, suggesting that lithium plating inhibits further lithiation of the underlying electrode.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1798289

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1840013

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5700-80334; MainId:42537; UUID:81e843cd-bc32-493e-9fda-ca3cb7f288bc; MainAdminID:25646

Journal Information:: ACS Nano, Journal Name: ACS Nano Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 15; ISSN 1936-0851

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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