In situ high-energy X-ray study of deformation mechanisms in additively manufactured 316L stainless steel

Zhang, Xuan; Kenesei, Peter; Park, Jun-Sang; Almer, Jonathan; Li, Meimei

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.152874

In situ high-energy X-ray study of deformation mechanisms in additively manufactured 316L stainless steel

Journal Article · Tue Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Journal of Nuclear Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.152874· OSTI ID:1798199

^[1]; Kenesei, Peter ^[1]; Park, Jun-Sang ^[1]; Almer, Jonathan ^[1]; Li, Meimei ^[1]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

A key structural material planned to be used in the core of the Transformational Challenge Reactor is the additively manufactured 316L stainless steel (AM 316L SS). While the deformation of conventionally-manufactured 316 SS have been extensively studied, the deformation mechanism of AM 316L SS is less known. Here the room-temperature tensile behavior of AM 316L SS was studied in situ using high-energy X-ray diffraction and X-ray tomography. Diffraction yielded the lattice strains and the dislocation densi-ties of the AM 316L SS, which were compared to those of a conventionally processed 316H SS. It was found that while the conventional 316H SS had three distinct deformation stages, namely stage II ather-mal hardening, stage III dynamic recovery, and stage IV, the AM 316L experienced only the stages III and IV after an initial transitional period. The plastic instability stresses (PIS), i.e. the true ultimate tensile strength, were nearly the same in both materials. The AM 316L had very low dislocation barrier strength throughout the plastic deformation, which, in combination with the invariant PIS, explained its high dis-location storage capability and the attractive combination of strength and ductility. Tomography revealed morphological changes of the built-in pores in the AM 316L during deformation and fracture, and it was concluded that large pores close to the surface might have significant roles in the necking stage.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1798199

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1776085

Journal Information:: Journal of Nuclear Materials, Journal Name: Journal of Nuclear Materials Vol. 549; ISSN 0022-3115

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (31)

Density of additively-manufactured, 316L SS parts using laser powder-bed fusion at powers up to 400 W Kamath, Chandrika; El-dasher, Bassem; Gallegos, Gilbert F. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 74, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-5954-9	journal	May 2014
Grain-size effects on tensile behavior of nickel and AISI 316L stainless steel Feaugas, X.; Haddou, H. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 34, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-003-0296-5	journal	October 2003
Substructure of type 316 stainless steel deformed in slow tension at temperatures between 21° and 816°C Michel, D. J.; Moteff, J.; Lovell, A. J. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 21, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(73)90168-5	journal	September 1973
Calibration and correction of spatial distortions in 2D detector systems Hammersley, A. P.; Svensson, S. O.; Thompson, A. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 346, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)90720-X	journal	July 1994
On the Hall-Petch relationship and substructural evolution in type 316L stainless steel Kashyap, B. P.; Tangri, K. Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, Vol. 43, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(95)00110-H	journal	November 1995
Physics and phenomenology of strain hardening: the FCC case Kocks, U. F.; Mecking, H. Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 48, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6425(02)00003-8	journal	January 2003
An in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction study of micromechanical behavior of multiple phases in advanced high-strength steels Jia, N.; Cong, Z. H.; Sun, X. Acta Materialia, Vol. 57, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2009.05.002	journal	August 2009
In situ X-ray diffraction and crystal plasticity modeling of the deformation behavior of extruded Mg–Li–(Al) alloys: An uncommon tension–compression asymmetry Lentz, Martin; Klaus, Manuela; Beyerlein, Irene J. Acta Materialia, Vol. 86 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.003	journal	March 2015
In situ high-energy X-ray diffraction study of tensile deformation of neutron-irradiated polycrystalline Fe-9%Cr alloy Zhang, Xuan; Li, Meimei; Park, Jun-Sang Acta Materialia, Vol. 126 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.12.038	journal	March 2017
In-situ high-energy X-ray characterization of neutron irradiated HT-UPS stainless steel under tensile deformation Xu, Chi; Zhang, Xuan; Chen, Yiren Acta Materialia, Vol. 156 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.07.008	journal	September 2018
High-energy synchrotron x-ray study of deformation-induced martensitic transformation in a neutron-irradiated Type 316 stainless steel Zhang, Xuan; Xu, Chi; Chen, Yiren Acta Materialia, Vol. 200 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.08.057	journal	November 2020
Structural representation of additively manufactured 316L austenitic stainless steel Bronkhorst, C. A.; Mayeur, J. R.; Livescu, V. International Journal of Plasticity, Vol. 118 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2019.01.012	journal	July 2019
Deformation mode map of irradiated 316 stainless steel in true stress–dose space Byun, T. S.; Hashimoto, N.; Farrell, K. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 351, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.033	journal	June 2006
Dose dependence of true stress parameters in irradiated bcc, fcc, and hcp metals Byun, T. S. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 361, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.12.014	journal	April 2007
Additive manufacturing of 316L stainless steel by electron beam melting for nuclear fusion applications Zhong, Yuan; Rännar, Lars-Erik; Liu, Leifeng Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 486 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.12.042	journal	April 2017
Composition-dependence of stacking fault energy in austenitic stainless steels through linear regression with random intercepts Meric de Bellefon, G.; van Duysen, J. C.; Sridharan, K. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 492 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.05.037	journal	August 2017
Creep behavior of 316 L stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion Li, Meimei; Zhang, Xuan; Chen, Wei-Ying Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 548 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.152847	journal	May 2021
Deformation microstructure and tensile properties of Alloy 709 at different temperatures Ding, Rengen; Yan, Jin; Li, Hangyue Materials & Design, Vol. 176 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107843	journal	August 2019
On the microstructure and strengthening mechanism in oxide dispersion-strengthened 316 steel: A coordinated electron microscopy, atom probe tomography and in situ synchrotron tensile investigation Miao, Yinbin; Mo, Kun; Zhou, Zhangjian Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 639 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.05.064	journal	July 2015
Twinning induced plasticity in austenitic stainless steel 316L made by additive manufacturing Pham, M. S.; Dovgyy, B.; Hooper, P. A. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 704 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.07.082	journal	September 2017
In-situ synchrotron X-ray study of microstructural evolution during creep deformation in Grade 91 steel Laliberte, Fallon; Li, Meimei; Almer, Jonathan Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 737 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.09.033	journal	November 2018
Examining the influence of stacking fault width on deformation twinning in an austenitic stainless steel Meric de Bellefon, G.; Gussev, M. N.; Stoica, A. D. Scripta Materialia, Vol. 157 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.08.012	journal	December 2018
In-situ X-ray diffraction evidence of dynamic transformation of austenite to ferrite during hot compression test in the single austenite phase field Aranas, Clodualdo; Rodrigues, Samuel; Siciliano, Fulvio Scripta Materialia, Vol. 177 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.10.008	journal	March 2020
Additively manufactured hierarchical stainless steels with high strength and ductility Wang, Y. Morris; Voisin, Thomas; McKeown, Joseph T. Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat5021	journal	October 2017
Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis Schindelin, Johannes; Arganda-Carreras, Ignacio; Frise, Erwin Nature Methods, Vol. 9, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2019	journal	June 2012
Simultaneously enhanced strength and ductility for 3D-printed stainless steel 316L by selective laser melting Sun, Zhongji; Tan, Xipeng; Tor, Shu Beng NPG Asia Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-018-0018-5	journal	April 2018
Twin Boundaries merely as Intrinsically Kinematic Barriers for Screw Dislocation Motion in FCC Metals Zhang, Jiayong; Zhang, Hongwu; Ye, Hongfei Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22893	journal	March 2016
The effect of dislocation contrast on x‐ray line broadening: A new approach to line profile analysis Ungár, T.; Borbély, A. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 69, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.117951	journal	November 1996
The dislocation density and twin-boundary frequency determined by X-ray peak profile analysis in cold rolled magnetron-sputter deposited nanotwinned copper Csiszár, Gábor; Balogh, Levente; Misra, Amit Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 110, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3622333	journal	August 2011
In situ experimental techniques to study the mechanical behavior of materials using X-ray synchrotron tomography Singh, Sudhanshu S.; Williams, Jason J.; Hruby, Peter Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-9772-3-9	journal	April 2014
A Review of the Stages of Work Hardening Rollett, Anthony D.; Kocks, U. F. Solid State Phenomena, Vol. 35-36 https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.35-36.1	journal	September 1993

Similar Records

Deformation and Fracture Behavior of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel

Journal Article · Thu Nov 02 20:00:00 EDT 2023 · JOM. Journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society · OSTI ID:2278908

Characterization of in-situ and ex-situ Ion-Irradiated Additively Manufactured 316L and 316H Stainless Steels

Journal Article · Tue Aug 05 20:00:00 EDT 2025 · Journal of Nuclear Materials · OSTI ID:3013592

Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel (FY2020)

Technical Report · Tue Jun 30 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · OSTI ID:1649091

Related Subjects

316 stainless steel
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Additive manufacturing
In situ X-ray diffraction
Tensile deformation
X-ray tomography

In situ high-energy X-ray study of deformation mechanisms in additively manufactured 316L stainless steel

Citation Formats

References (31)

Similar Records

Related Subjects