skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Revealing the Surface Structure of CdSe Nanocrystals by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-Enhanced 77Se and 113Cd Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

Journal Article · · Journal of the American Chemical Society
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c03162· OSTI ID:1797579

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy was used to obtain detailed surface structures of zinc blende CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) with plate or spheroidal morphologies which are capped by carboxylic acid ligands. 1D 113Cd and 77Se cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR spectra revealed distinct signals from Cd and Se atoms on the surface of the NCs, and those residing in bulk-like environments, below the surface. 113Cd cross-polarization magic-angle-turning (CP-MAT) experiments identified CdSe3O, CdSe2O2, and CdSeO3 Cd coordination environments on the surface of the NCs, where the oxygen atoms are presumably from coordinated carboxylate ligands. The sensitivity gain from DNP enabled natural isotopic abundance 2D homonuclear 113Cd–113Cd and 77Se–77Se and heteronuclear 113Cd–77Se scalar correlation solid-state NMR experiments which revealed the connectivity of the Cd and Se atoms. Importantly, 77Se{113Cd} scalar heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (J-HMQC) experiments were used to selectively measure one-bond 77Se–113Cd scalar coupling constants (1J(77Se, 113Cd)). With knowledge of 1J(77Se, 113Cd), heteronuclear 77Se{113Cd} spin echo (J-resolved) NMR experiments were used to determine the number of Cd atoms bonded to Se atoms and vice versa. Furthermore, the J-resolved experiments directly confirmed that major Cd and Se surface species have CdSe2O2 and SeCd4 stoichiometries, respectively. Considering the crystal structure of zinc blende CdSe and the similarity of the solid-state NMR data for the platelets and spheroids, we conclude that the surface of the spheroidal CdSe NCs is primarily composed of {100} facets. The methods outlined here will generally be applicable to obtain detailed surface structures of various main group semiconductor nanoparticles.

Research Organization:
Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
1905066; AC02-07CH11358
OSTI ID:
1797579
Report Number(s):
is-j-10-506
Journal Information:
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 143, Issue 23; ISSN 0002-7863
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (103)

Quantifying the Thermodynamics of Ligand Binding to CsPbBr 3 Quantum Dots journal August 2018
Emergence of colloidal quantum-dot light-emitting technologies journal December 2012
Building devices from colloidal quantum dots journal August 2016
Experimental Determination of the Extinction Coefficient of CdTe, CdSe, and CdS Nanocrystals journal July 2003
Principles of Spin-Echo Modulation byJ-Couplings in Magic-Angle-Spinning Solid-State NMR journal June 2004
Frozen Acrylamide Gels as Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Matrices journal June 2017
Probing Solvent–Ligand Interactions in Colloidal Nanocrystals by the NMR Line Broadening journal July 2018
Colloidal CdSe Nanoplatelets, A Model for Surface Chemistry/Optoelectronic Property Relations in Semiconductor Nanocrystals journal September 2018
Light-emitting diodes made from cadmium selenide nanocrystals and a semiconducting polymer journal August 1994
Quantitative Solid-State NMR Study on Ligand–Surface Interaction in Cysteine-Capped CdSe Magic-Sized Clusters journal May 2017
One‐ and two‐dimensional 31 P cross‐polarization magic‐angle‐spinning nuclear magnetic resonance studies on two‐spin systems with homonuclear dipolar coupling and J coupling journal June 1990
High Frequency Dynamic Nuclear Polarization journal April 2013
Primostrato Solid-State NMR Enhanced by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization: Pentacoordinated Al 3+ Ions Are Only Located at the Surface of Hydrated γ-Alumina journal October 2014
Characterizing Substrate–Surface Interactions on Alumina-Supported Metal Catalysts by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-Enhanced Double-Resonance NMR Spectroscopy journal February 2017
NMR nomenclature. Nuclear spin properties and conventions for chemical shifts(IUPAC Recommendations 2001) journal January 2001
Resilient Pathways to Atomic Attachment of Quantum Dot Dimers and Artificial Solids from Faceted CdSe Quantum Dot Building Blocks journal June 2019
On the Origin of Surface Traps in Colloidal II–VI Semiconductor Nanocrystals journal January 2017
Carbon−Proton Chemical Shift Correlation in Solid-State NMR by Through-Bond Multiple-Quantum Spectroscopy journal December 1998
Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Structure, Properties, and Band Gap Engineering journal February 2010
Bulk Nuclear Hyperpolarization of Inorganic Solids by Relay from the Surface journal May 2018
Atomic Positional Versus Electronic Order in Semiconducting ZnSe Nanoparticles journal September 2009
Highly Dynamic Ligand Binding and Light Absorption Coefficient of Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals journal January 2016
Ligand Displacement Exposes Binding Site Heterogeneity on CdSe Nanocrystal Surfaces journal January 2018
Surface-Functionalization-Dependent Optical Properties of II–VI Semiconductor Nanocrystals journal November 2011
77Se Solid-State NMR Studies of [M(Se4)2]2- Anions (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) journal March 1994
Magic-Sized Cd 3 P 2 II−V Nanoparticles Exhibiting Bandgap Photoemission journal September 2009
Surface Termination of CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Quantum Dots Determined by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy journal March 2020
Isotropie and Anisotropie Nuclear Magnetic Shielding of 113Cd in Cadmiumhalides, Cadmiumchalcogenides and in Cadmiumcarbonate journal June 1978
Quantifying Ligand Exchange Reactions at CdSe Nanocrystal Surfaces journal June 2016
Utilizing Self-Exchange To Address the Binding of Carboxylic Acid Ligands to CdSe Quantum Dots journal July 2010
Determination of Through-Bond Carbon−Carbon Connectivities in Solid-State NMR Using the INADEQUATE Experiment journal August 1997
Facet‐Dependent On‐Surface Reactions in the Growth of CdSe Nanoplatelets journal December 2019
Synthesis of Metal-Selenide Nanocrystals Using Selenium Dioxide as the Selenium Precursor journal October 2008
The Effects of Chemisorption on the Luminescence of CdSe Quantum Dots journal March 2006
SIMPSON: A General Simulation Program for Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy journal December 2000
Optical Properties of Zincblende Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots journal March 2010
A selenium-77 and cadmium-113 NMR spectroscopic study of phenylselenolate complexes of cadmium journal January 1982
Surface Stoichiometry of CdSe Nanocrystals Determined by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy journal December 2001
Colloidal nanocrystal synthesis and the organic–inorganic interface journal September 2005
Identification of Facet-Dependent Coordination Structures of Carboxylate Ligands on CdSe Nanocrystals journal September 2019
Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Fluorescent Biological Labels patent September 1998
Ramped-Amplitude Cross Polarization in Magic-Angle-Spinning NMR journal October 1994
Improved performance and stability in quantum dot solar cells through band alignment engineering journal May 2014
Composition and Size-Dependent Extinction Coefficient of Colloidal PbSe Quantum Dots journal December 2007
Air-Stable All-Inorganic Nanocrystal Solar Cells Processed from Solution journal October 2005
Infrared-Emitting Colloidal Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Assembly, Spectroscopy, and Applications journal April 2007
Surface Chemistry of InP Quantum Dots: A Comprehensive Study journal December 2010
Compact Biocompatible Quantum Dots Functionalized for Cellular Imaging journal January 2008
Surface Properties of Precipitated CdS Nanoparticles Studied by NMR journal October 1998
Helium-cooling and -spinning dynamic nuclear polarization for sensitivity-enhanced solid-state NMR at 14T and 30K journal December 2012
Hybrid passivated colloidal quantum dot solids journal July 2012
An Improved Broadband Decoupling Sequence for Liquid Crystals and Solids journal January 2000
Relaxation of Exciton Confinement in CdSe Quantum Dots by Modification with a Conjugated Dithiocarbamate Ligand journal May 2010
A Solution NMR Toolbox for Characterizing the Surface Chemistry of Colloidal Nanocrystals journal February 2013
NMR Study of Semiconductor Molecular Clusters journal June 1988
Continuous Transition from 3D to 1D Confinement Observed during the Formation of CdSe Nanoplatelets journal March 2011
Measurement of Aluminum-Carbon Distances Using S-RESPDOR NMR Experiments journal September 2012
Role of mid-gap states in charge transport and photoconductivity in semiconductor nanocrystal films journal September 2011
Binding and Packing in Two-Component Colloidal Quantum Dot Ligand Shells: Linear versus Branched Carboxylates journal February 2017
Maximizing nuclear hyperpolarization in pulse cooling under MAS journal March 2019
Size- and Site-Dependent Reconstruction in CdSe QDs Evidenced by 77 Se{ 1 H} CP-MAS NMR Spectroscopy journal March 2010
NMR Analysis of Surfaces and Interfaces in 2-nm CdSe journal June 2004
Homonuclear phosphorus-31 J-resolved 2D spectra of rhodium(I) phosphine complexes in the solid state journal January 1992
Resolving the Core and the Surface of CdSe Quantum Dots and Nanoplatelets Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enhanced PASS–PIETA NMR Spectroscopy journal June 2018
Solid state NMR studies of photoluminescent cadmium chalcogenide nanoparticles journal January 2006
CdS Magic-Sized Nanocrystals Exhibiting Bright Band Gap Photoemission via Thermodynamically Driven Formation journal November 2009
Chemical bonding differences evidenced from J-coupling in solid state NMR experiments involving quadrupolar nuclei journal September 2003
NMR study of InP quantum dots: Surface structure and size effects journal May 1999
Surface Chemistry of Colloidal PbSe Nanocrystals journal November 2008
Structure of Colloidal Quantum Dots from Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Surface Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy journal October 2015
Studies of Organically Functionalized Mesoporous Silicas Using Heteronuclear Solid-State Correlation NMR Spectroscopy under Fast Magic Angle Spinning journal May 2005
The surface science of nanocrystals journal January 2016
Hydroxylation of the surface of PbS nanocrystals passivated with oleic acid journal May 2014
Rapid acquisition of wideline MAS solid-state NMR spectra with fast MAS, proton detection, and dipolar HMQC pulse sequences journal January 2016
Silicon Nanoparticles: Are They Crystalline from the Core to the Surface? journal January 2019
Hybrid Nanorod-Polymer Solar Cells journal March 2002
Fast Characterization of Functionalized Silica Materials by Silicon-29 Surface-Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization journal February 2011
Capping Structure of Ligand–Cysteine on CdSe Magic-Sized Clusters journal February 2019
Symmetry-Breaking for Formation of Rectangular CdSe Two-Dimensional Nanocrystals in Zinc-Blende Structure journal July 2017
Magic-Angle-Turning Experiments for Measuring Chemical-Shift-Tensor Principal Values in Powdered Solids journal April 1995
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Surface Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy journal March 2013
Quantum-dot-in-perovskite solids journal July 2015
Detection and use of small J couplings in solid state NMR experiments journal January 2010
Interfacial Oxidation and Photoluminescence of InP-Based Core/Shell Quantum Dots journal September 2018
Surface Traps in Colloidal Quantum Dots: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Perspective journal October 2017
Solid-State NMR of Inorganic Semiconductors book January 2011
Colloidal CdSe nanocrystals are inherently defective journal February 2021
Low-temperature dynamic nuclear polarization with helium-cooled samples and nitrogen-driven magic-angle spinning journal March 2016
InP/ZnS Nanocrystals: Coupling NMR and XPS for Fine Surface and Interface Description journal November 2012
Designing the Surfaces of Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Colloidal Photocatalysis journal April 2017
Combining fast magic angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization with indirect detection to further enhance the sensitivity of solid-state NMR spectroscopy journal October 2020
Chemistry and Properties of Nanocrystals of Different Shapes journal April 2005
Colloidal-ALD-Grown Core/Shell CdSe/CdS Nanoplatelets as Seen by DNP Enhanced PASS–PIETA NMR Spectroscopy journal February 2020
Quasi 2D Colloidal CdSe Platelets with Thicknesses Controlled at the Atomic Level journal December 2008
Role of Surface Reduction in the Formation of Traps in n -Doped II–VI Semiconductor Nanocrystals: How to Charge without Reducing the Surface journal May 2019
The coordination chemistry of nanocrystal surfaces journal February 2015
Molecular Chemistry to the Fore: New Insights into the Fascinating World of Photoactive Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals journal February 2013
Prospects of Colloidal Nanocrystals for Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications journal January 2010
Near-infrared fluorescent type II quantum dots for sentinel lymph node mapping journal December 2003
Advances in Structural Studies on Alkylaluminum Species in the Solid State via Challenging 27 Al– 13 C NMR Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction journal August 2013
Organometallic Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Manganese-Doped CdSe Nanocrystals journal March 2000
Probing the Surface Structure of Semiconductor Nanoparticles by DNP SENS with Dielectric Support Materials journal August 2019
Molecular-Level Insight into Semiconductor Nanocrystal Surfaces journal January 2021