Statistical upscaling of ecosystem CO 2 fluxes across the terrestrial tundra and boreal domain: Regional patterns and uncertainties

Virkkala, Anna‐Maria; Aalto, Juha; Rogers, Brendan M.; Tagesson, Torbern; Treat, Claire C.; Natali, Susan M.; Watts, Jennifer D.; Potter, Stefano; Lehtonen, Aleksi; Mauritz, Marguerite; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Kochendorfer, John; Zona, Donatella; Oechel, Walter; Kobayashi, Hideki; Humphreys, Elyn; Goeckede, Mathias; Iwata, Hiroki; Lafleur, Peter M.; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Bokhorst, Stef; Marushchak, Maija; Martikainen, Pertti J.; Elberling, Bo; Voigt, Carolina; Biasi, Christina; Sonnentag, Oliver; Parmentier, Frans‐Jan W.; Ueyama, Masahito; Celis, Gerardo; St.Louis, Vincent L.; Emmerton, Craig A.; Peichl, Matthias; Chi, Jinshu; Järveoja, Järvi; Nilsson, Mats B.; Oberbauer, Steven F.; Torn, Margaret S.; Park, Sang‐Jong; Dolman, Han; Mammarella, Ivan; Chae, Namyi; Poyatos, Rafael; López‐Blanco, Efrén; Christensen, Torben Røjle; Kwon, Min Jung; Sachs, Torsten; Holl, David; Luoto, Miska

doi:10.1111/gcb.15659

Title: Statistical upscaling of ecosystem CO ₂ fluxes across the terrestrial tundra and boreal domain: Regional patterns and uncertainties

Journal Article · Thu Jun 10 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Global Change Biology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15659· OSTI ID:1787716

^[1];

^[2];

^[3];

^[4];

^[5];

^[3]; Watts, Jennifer D. ^[3]; Potter, Stefano ^[3];

^[6];

^[7];

^[8]; Kochendorfer, John ^[9]; Zona, Donatella ^[10]; Oechel, Walter ^[11]; Kobayashi, Hideki ^[12]; Humphreys, Elyn ^[13];

^[14];

^[15];

^[16]; Euskirchen, Eugenie S. ^[17] more »

Department of Geosciences and Geography Faculty of Science University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland, Woodwell Climate Research Center Falmouth MA USA
Department of Geosciences and Geography Faculty of Science University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland, Weather and Climate Change Impact Research Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki Finland
Woodwell Climate Research Center Falmouth MA USA
Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Lund Sweden, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Copenhagen University Copenhagen Denmark
Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research Potsdam Germany
Natural Resources Institute Finland Helsinki Finland
University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX USA
Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA
Atmosperic Turbulence and Diffusion Division of NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA
San Diego State University San Diego CA USA, University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
San Diego State University San Diego CA USA, University of Exeter Exeter UK
Research Institute for Global Change Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and Technology Yokoama Japan
Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
Dept. Biogeochemical Signals Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena Germany
Department of Environmental Science Shinshu University Matsumoto Japan
School of the Environment Trent University Peterborough ON Canada
Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
Center for Permafrost Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland, Département de géographie Université de Montréal Montréal QC Canada
Département de géographie Université de Montréal Montréal QC Canada
Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Lund Sweden, Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene Department of Geosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan
Agronomy Department University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University Miami FL USA
Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
Division of Atmospheric Sciences Korea Polar Research Institute Incheon Republic of Korea
Department of Earth Sciences Free University Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of Science University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
CREAF Catalonia Spain, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Catalonia Spain
Department of Environment and Minerals Greenland Institute of Natural Resources Nuuk Greenland, Department of Bioscience Arctic Research Center Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark
Department of Bioscience Arctic Research Center Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif‐sur‐Yvette France, Division of Life Sciences Korea Polar Research Institute Incheon Republic of Korea
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Potsdam Germany
Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN) University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
Department of Geosciences and Geography Faculty of Science University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

Abstract The regional variability in tundra and boreal carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) fluxes can be high, complicating efforts to quantify sink‐source patterns across the entire region. Statistical models are increasingly used to predict (i.e., upscale) CO ₂ fluxes across large spatial domains, but the reliability of different modeling techniques, each with different specifications and assumptions, has not been assessed in detail. Here, we compile eddy covariance and chamber measurements of annual and growing season CO ₂ fluxes of gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) during 1990–2015 from 148 terrestrial high‐latitude (i.e., tundra and boreal) sites to analyze the spatial patterns and drivers of CO ₂ fluxes and test the accuracy and uncertainty of different statistical models. CO ₂ fluxes were upscaled at relatively high spatial resolution (1 km ² ) across the high‐latitude region using five commonly used statistical models and their ensemble, that is, the median of all five models, using climatic, vegetation, and soil predictors. We found the performance of machine learning and ensemble predictions to outperform traditional regression methods. We also found the predictive performance of NEE‐focused models to be low, relative to models predicting GPP and ER. Our data compilation and ensemble predictions showed that CO ₂ sink strength was larger in the boreal biome (observed and predicted average annual NEE −46 and −29 g C m ⁻² yr ⁻¹ , respectively) compared to tundra (average annual NEE +10 and −2 g C m ⁻² yr ⁻¹ ). This pattern was associated with large spatial variability, reflecting local heterogeneity in soil organic carbon stocks, climate, and vegetation productivity. The terrestrial ecosystem CO ₂ budget, estimated using the annual NEE ensemble prediction, suggests the high‐latitude region was on average an annual CO ₂ sink during 1990–2015, although uncertainty remains high.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1787716

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1814227

Journal Information:: Global Change Biology, Journal Name: Global Change Biology Vol. 27 Journal Issue: 17; ISSN 1354-1013

Publisher:: Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

References (93)

Global Carbon Budget 2020 Friedlingstein, Pierre; O'Sullivan, Michael; Jones, Matthew W. Earth System Science Data, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020	journal	January 2020
Tundra landscape heterogeneity, not interannual variability, controls the decadal regional carbon balance in the Western Russian Arctic Treat, Claire C.; Marushchak, Maija E.; Voigt, Carolina Global Change Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14421	journal	September 2018
The importance of snow in species distribution models of arctic vegetation Niittynen, Pekka; Luoto, Miska Ecography, Vol. 41, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.03348	journal	September 2017
Effects of harvesting and drought on CO ₂ and H ₂ O fluxes in an aspen-dominated western boreal plain forest: early chronosequence recovery Petrone, R. M.; Chasmer, L.; Hopkinson, C. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Vol. 45, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0253	journal	January 2015
Tundra is a consistent source of CO ₂ at a site with progressive permafrost thaw during 6 years of chamber and eddy covariance measurements : Tundra CO Celis, Gerardo; Mauritz, Marguerite; Bracho, Rosvel Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 122, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003671	journal	June 2017
Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon to Climate Change: Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle Schuur, Edward A. G.; Bockheim, James; Canadell, Josep G. BioScience, Vol. 58, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1641/B580807	journal	September 2008
Statistical Forecasting of Current and Future Circum-Arctic Ground Temperatures and Active Layer Thickness Aalto, J.; Karjalainen, O.; Hjort, J. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078007	journal	May 2018
Carbon dioxide balance in early-successional forests after forest fires in interior Alaska Ueyama, Masahito; Iwata, Hiroki; Nagano, Hirohiko Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 275 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.05.020	journal	September 2019
Upscaled diurnal cycles of land–atmosphere fluxes: a new global half-hourly data product Bodesheim, Paul; Jung, Martin; Gans, Fabian Earth System Science Data, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1327-2018	journal	January 2018
An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup BioScience, Vol. 67, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014	journal	April 2017
Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback Schuur, E. A. G.; McGuire, A. D.; Schädel, C. Nature, Vol. 520, Issue 7546 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14338	journal	April 2015
The current state of CO ₂ flux chamber studies in the Arctic tundra: A review Virkkala, Anna-Maria; Virtanen, Tarmo; Lehtonen, Aleksi Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, Vol. 42, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133317745784	journal	December 2017
A raster version of the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM) Raynolds, Martha K.; Walker, Donald A.; Balser, Andrew Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 232 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111297	journal	October 2019
Drivers of C cycling in three arctic-alpine plant communities Sørensen, Mia Vedel; Graae, Bente Jessen; Classen, Aimee Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, Vol. 51, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2019.1592649	journal	January 2019
Patchy field sampling biases understanding of climate change impacts across the Arctic Metcalfe, Daniel B.; Hermans, Thirze D. G.; Ahlstrand, Jenny Nature Ecology & Evolution, Vol. 2, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0612-5	journal	July 2018
Interactions among shrub cover and the soil microclimate may determine future Arctic carbon budgets Cahoon, Sean M. P.; Sullivan, Patrick F.; Shaver, Gaius R. Ecology Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01865.x	journal	September 2012
Dependence of the evolution of carbon dynamics in the northern permafrost region on the trajectory of climate change McGuire, A. David; Lawrence, David M.; Koven, Charles Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719903115	journal	March 2018
Carbon Dioxide Evolution of soil and crop Growth LundegÅRdh, Henrik Soil Science, Vol. 23, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-192706000-00001	journal	January 1927
Representativeness of global climate and vegetation by carbon-monitoring networks; implications for estimates of gross and net primary productivity at biome and global levels Alton, Paul B. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 290 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108017	journal	August 2020
Response of CO ₂ exchange in a tussock tundra ecosystem to permafrost thaw and thermokarst development Vogel, Jason; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Trucco, Christian Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 114, Issue G4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000901	journal	January 2009
An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design Taylor, Karl E.; Stouffer, Ronald J.; Meehl, Gerald A. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 93, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1	journal	April 2012
MODIS-Based Estimates of Global Terrestrial Ecosystem Respiration Ai, Jinlong; Jia, Gensuo; Epstein, Howard E. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 123, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004107	journal	February 2018
Improved light and temperature responses for light-use-efficiency-based GPP models McCallum, I.; Franklin, O.; Moltchanova, E. Biogeosciences, Vol. 10, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6577-2013	journal	January 2013
Long-Term Drainage Reduces CO ₂ Uptake and CH ₄ Emissions in a Siberian Permafrost Ecosystem : Drainage impact on Arctic carbon cycle Kittler, Fanny; Heimann, Martin; Kolle, Olaf Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 31, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005774	journal	December 2017
Predicting carbon dioxide and energy fluxes across global FLUXNET sites with regression algorithms Tramontana, Gianluca; Jung, Martin; Schwalm, Christopher R. Biogeosciences, Vol. 13, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4291-2016	journal	January 2016
Carbon release through abrupt permafrost thaw Turetsky, Merritt R.; Abbott, Benjamin W.; Jones, Miriam C. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0526-0	journal	February 2020
Change of Carbon Dioxide Budget during Three Years after Deforestation in Eastern Siberian Larch Forest Machimura, Takashi; Kobayashi, Yoshikazu; lWAHANA, Go Journal of Agricultural Meteorology, Vol. 60, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.653	journal	January 2005
Tundra ecosystems observed to be CO ₂ sources due to differential amplification of the carbon cycle Belshe, E. F.; Schuur, E. A. G.; Bolker, B. M. Ecology Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12164	journal	August 2013
An assessment of the carbon balance of Arctic tundra: comparisons among observations, process models, and atmospheric inversions McGuire, A. D.; Christensen, T. R.; Hayes, D. Biogeosciences, Vol. 9, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3185-2012	journal	January 2012
Ecosystem carbon response of an Arctic peatland to simulated permafrost thaw Voigt, Carolina; Marushchak, Maija E.; Mastepanov, Mikhail Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14574	journal	February 2019
Terrestrial Gross Carbon Dioxide Uptake: Global Distribution and Covariation with Climate Beer, C.; Reichstein, M.; Tomelleri, E. Science, Vol. 329, Issue 5993 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1184984	journal	July 2010
Increasing wildfires threaten historic carbon sink of boreal forest soils Walker, Xanthe J.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Cumming, Steven G. Nature, Vol. 572, Issue 7770 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1474-y	journal	August 2019
Temperature Response of Respiration Across the Heterogeneous Landscape of the Alaskan Arctic Tundra Wilkman, Eric; Zona, Donatella; Tang, Yanfei Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 123, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JG004227	journal	July 2018
The sensitivity of soil respiration to soil temperature, moisture, and carbon supply at the global scale Hursh, Andrew; Ballantyne, Ashley; Cooper, Leila Global Change Biology, Vol. 23, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13489	journal	October 2016
Variation in Peak Growing Season Net Ecosystem Production Across the Canadian Arctic Lafleur, Peter M.; Humphreys, Elyn R.; St. Louis, Vincent L. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 46, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/es300500m	journal	July 2012
Biomass offsets little or none of permafrost carbon release from soils, streams, and wildfire: an expert assessment Abbott, Benjamin W.; Jones, Jeremy B.; Schuur, Edward A. G. Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/034014	journal	March 2016
CO2 exchange in three Canadian High Arctic ecosystems: response to long-term experimental warming Welker, Jeffrey M.; Fahnestock, Jace T.; Henry, Greg H. R. Global Change Biology, Vol. 10, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00857.x	journal	December 2004
Partitioning of the net CO ₂ exchange using an automated chamber system reveals plant phenology as key control of production and respiration fluxes in a boreal peatland Järveoja, Järvi; Nilsson, Mats B.; Gažovič, Michal Global Change Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14292	journal	May 2018
Path-dependent reductions in CO2 emission budgets caused by permafrost carbon release Gasser, T.; Kechiar, M.; Ciais, P. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0227-0	journal	September 2018
The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data Pastorello, Gilberto; Trotta, Carlo; Canfora, Eleonora Scientific Data, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0534-3	journal	July 2020
A satellite data driven biophysical modeling approach for estimating northern peatland and tundra CO ₂ and CH ₄ fluxes Watts, J. D.; Kimball, J. S.; Parmentier, F. J. W. Biogeosciences, Vol. 11, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1961-2014	journal	January 2014
A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World's Forests Pan, Y.; Birdsey, R. A.; Fang, J. Science, Vol. 333, Issue 6045 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1201609	journal	July 2011
Carbon dioxide balance of subarctic tundra from plot to regional scales Marushchak, M. E.; Kiepe, I.; Biasi, C. Biogeosciences, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-437-2013	journal	January 2013
Evaluation of terrestrial pan-Arctic carbon cycling using a data-assimilation system López-Blanco, Efrén; Exbrayat, Jean-François; Lund, Magnus Earth System Dynamics, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-233-2019	journal	January 2019
Landscape and Ecosystem-Level Controls on Net Carbon Dioxide Exchange along a Natural Moisture Gradient in Canadian Low Arctic Tundra Nobrega, Sonia; Grogan, Paul Ecosystems, Vol. 11, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-008-9128-1	journal	March 2008
Exchange of CO₂ in Arctic tundra: impacts of meteorological variations and biological disturbance López-Blanco, Efrén; Lund, Magnus; Williams, Mathew Biogeosciences, Vol. 14, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4467-2017	journal	January 2017
New data-driven estimation of terrestrial CO ₂ fluxes in Asia using a standardized database of eddy covariance measurements, remote sensing data, and support vector regression : Data-Driven CO Ichii, Kazuhito; Ueyama, Masahito; Kondo, Masayuki Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 122, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003640	journal	April 2017
Compensatory water effects link yearly global land CO2 sink changes to temperature Jung, Martin; Reichstein, Markus; Schwalm, Christopher R. Nature, Vol. 541, Issue 7638 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20780	journal	January 2017
Vegetation Community, Foliar Nitrogen, and Temperature Effects on Tundra CO ₂ Exchange across a Soil Moisture Gradient Dagg, Jennifer; Lafleur, Peter Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, Vol. 43, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-43.2.189	journal	May 2011
Moving towards carbon neutrality: CO ₂ exchange of a black spruce forest ecosystem during the first 10 years of recovery after harvest Coursolle, Carole; Giasson, Marc-André; Margolis, Hank A. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Vol. 42, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1139/x2012-133	journal	November 2012
Variability in exchange of CO2 across 12 northern peatland and tundra sites: EXCHANGE OF CO2 IN WETLANDS Lund, Magnus; Lafleur, Peter M.; Roulet, Nigel T. Global Change Biology https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02104.x	journal	December 2009
Net ecosystem exchange and energy fluxes measured with the eddy covariance technique in a western Siberian bog Alekseychik, Pavel; Mammarella, Ivan; Karpov, Dmitry Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9333-2017	journal	January 2017
Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change Davidson, Eric A.; Janssens, Ivan A. Nature, Vol. 440, Issue 7081 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04514	journal	March 2006
Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps Hugelius, G.; Strauss, J.; Zubrzycki, S. Biogeosciences, Vol. 11, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6573-2014	journal	January 2014
Deeper Snow Enhances Winter Respiration from Both Plant-associated and Bulk Soil Carbon Pools in Birch Hummock Tundra Nobrega, Sonia; Grogan, Paul Ecosystems, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9033-z	journal	May 2007
Is the Northern Permafrost Zone a Source or a Sink for Carbon? Parmentier, Frans-Jan; Sonnentag, Oliver; Mauritz, Marguerite Eos, Vol. 100 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO130507	journal	September 2019
Effects of N and P fertilization on the greenhouse gas exchange in two northern peatlands with contrasting N deposition rates Lund, M.; Christensen, T. R.; Mastepanov, M. Biogeosciences, Vol. 6, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2135-2009	journal	January 2009
Large loss of CO2 in winter observed across the northern permafrost region Natali, Susan M.; Watts, Jennifer D.; Rogers, Brendan M. Nature Climate Change, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0592-8	journal	October 2019
Summer warming explains widespread but not uniform greening in the Arctic tundra biome Berner, Logan T.; Massey, Richard; Jantz, Patrick Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18479-5	journal	September 2020
Differential response of carbon fluxes to climate in three peatland ecosystems that vary in the presence and stability of permafrost: Carbon fluxes and permafrost thaw Euskirchen, E. S.; Edgar, C. W.; Turetsky, M. R. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 119, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002683	journal	August 2014
An evaluation of methods for modelling species distributions: Methods for modelling species distributions Segurado, Pedro; Araújo, Miguel B. Journal of Biogeography, Vol. 31, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01076.x	journal	September 2004
Measuring Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchanges of Biologically Related Gases with Micrometeorological Methods Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Hincks, Bruce B.; Meyers, Tilden P. Ecology, Vol. 69, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.2307/1941631	journal	October 1988
Process-Oriented Modeling of a High Arctic Tundra Ecosystem: Long-Term Carbon Budget and Ecosystem Responses to Interannual Variations of Climate Zhang, Wenxin; Jansson, Per-Erik; Schurgers, Guy Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 123, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003956	journal	April 2018
Growing season and spatial variations of carbon fluxes of Arctic and boreal ecosystems in Alaska (USA) Ueyama, Masahito; Iwata, Hiroki; Harazono, Yoshinobu Ecological Applications, Vol. 23, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0875.1	journal	December 2013
Nonlinear responses to nitrogen and strong interactions with nitrogen and phosphorus additions drastically alter the structure and function of a high arctic ecosystem Arens, Seth J. T.; Sullivan, Patrick F.; Welker, Jeffrey M. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, Issue G3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000508	journal	January 2008
A working guide to boosted regression trees Elith, J.; Leathwick, J. R.; Hastie, T. Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 77, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01390.x	journal	July 2008
Reviews and syntheses: An empirical spatiotemporal description of the global surface–atmosphere carbon fluxes: opportunities and data limitations Zscheischler, Jakob; Mahecha, Miguel D.; Avitabile, Valerio Biogeosciences, Vol. 14, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3685-2017	journal	January 2017
Sensitivity of the carbon cycle in the Arctic to climate change McGuire, A. David; Anderson, Leif G.; Christensen, Torben R. Ecological Monographs, Vol. 79, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1890/08-2025.1	journal	November 2009
Complexity revealed in the greening of the Arctic Myers-Smith, Isla H.; Kerby, Jeffrey T.; Phoenix, Gareth K. Nature Climate Change, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0688-1	journal	January 2020
Ensemble forecasting of species distributions Araujo, M.; New, M. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Vol. 22, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2006.09.010	journal	January 2007
Fluxes all of the time? A primer on the temporal representativeness of FLUXNET: FLUXES ALL OF THE TIME? Chu, Housen; Baldocchi, Dennis D.; John, Ranjeet Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 122, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003576	journal	February 2017
Upscaling terrestrial carbon dioxide fluxes in Alaska with satellite remote sensing and support vector regression: UPSCALING CO Ueyama, Masahito; Ichii, Kazuhito; Iwata, Hiroki Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 118, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20095	journal	July 2013
Scaling carbon fluxes from eddy covariance sites to globe: synthesis and evaluation of the FLUXCOM approach Jung, Martin; Schwalm, Christopher; Migliavacca, Mirco Biogeosciences, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1343-2020	journal	January 2020
On the separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and ecosystem respiration: review and improved algorithm Reichstein, Markus; Falge, Eva; Baldocchi, Dennis Global Change Biology, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001002.x	journal	September 2005
Assessment of model estimates of land-atmosphere CO ₂ exchange across Northern Eurasia Rawlins, M. A.; McGuire, A. D.; Kimball, J. S. Biogeosciences, Vol. 12, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4385-2015	journal	January 2015
Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation: SEPARATION OF NEE INTO GPP AND RECO Lasslop, Gitta; Reichstein, Markus; Papale, Dario Global Change Biology, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x	journal	January 2010
Functional convergence in regulation of net CO ₂ flux in heterogeneous tundra landscapes in Alaska and Sweden Shaver, G. R.; Street, L. E.; Rastetter, E. B. Journal of Ecology, Vol. 95, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01259.x	journal	July 2007
Annual carbon gas budget for a subarctic peatland, Northern Sweden Bäckstrand, K.; Crill, P. M.; Jackowicz-Korczyñski, M. Biogeosciences, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-95-2010	journal	January 2010
Net ecosystem exchange over heterogeneous Arctic tundra: Scaling between chamber and eddy covariance measurements: ARCTIC TUNDRA NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE Fox, Andrew M.; Huntley, Brian; Lloyd, Colin R. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 22, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003027	journal	June 2008
Global estimates of boreal forest carbon stocks and flux Bradshaw, Corey J. A.; Warkentin, Ian G. Global and Planetary Change, Vol. 128 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.02.004	journal	May 2015
Monthly gridded data product of northern wetland methane emissions based on upscaling eddy covariance observations Peltola, Olli; Vesala, Timo; Gao, Yao Earth System Science Data, Vol. 11, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1263-2019	journal	January 2019
Relating NDVI to ecosystem CO2 exchange patterns in response to season length and soil warming manipulations in arctic Alaska La Puma, Inga P.; Philippi, Thomas E.; Oberbauer, Steven F. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 109, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.01.001	journal	July 2007
The effect of a permafrost disturbance on growing-season carbon-dioxide fluxes in a high Arctic tundra ecosystem Cassidy, Alison E.; Christen, Andreas; Henry, Gregory H. R. Biogeosciences, Vol. 13, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2291-2016	journal	January 2016
Net ecosystem exchange of CO ₂ with rapidly changing high Arctic landscapes Emmerton, Craig A.; St. Louis, Vincent L.; Humphreys, Elyn R. Global Change Biology, Vol. 22, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13064	journal	December 2015
Inter-annual variability of net and gross ecosystem carbon fluxes: A review Baldocchi, Dennis; Chu, Housen; Reichstein, Markus Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 249 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.05.015	journal	February 2018
A comparison of annual and seasonal carbon dioxide effluxes between sub-Arctic Sweden and High-Arctic Svalbard Björkman, Mats P.; Morgner, Elke; Björk, Robert G. Polar Research, Vol. 29, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2010.00150.x	journal	January 2010
FLUXNET: A New Tool to Study the Temporal and Spatial Variability of Ecosystem–Scale Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, and Energy Flux Densities Baldocchi, Dennis; Falge, Eva; Gu, Lianhong Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 82, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<2415:FANTTS>2.3.CO;2	journal	November 2001
Variability in the sensitivity among model simulations of permafrost and carbon dynamics in the permafrost region between 1960 and 2009: MODELING PERMAFROST CARBON DYNAMICS McGuire, A. David; Koven, Charles; Lawrence, David M. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 30, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005405	journal	July 2016
Larval outbreaks in West Greenland: Instant and subsequent effects on tundra ecosystem productivity and CO2 exchange Lund, Magnus; Raundrup, Katrine; Westergaard-Nielsen, Andreas Ambio, Vol. 46, Issue S1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0863-9	journal	January 2017
Spatial Predictions and Associated Uncertainty of Annual Soil Respiration at the Global Scale Warner, D. L.; Bond‐Lamberty, B.; Jian, J. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 33, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006264	journal	December 2019
Identifying multidisciplinary research gaps across Arctic terrestrial gradients Virkkala, A-M; Abdi, A. M.; Luoto, M. Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab4291	journal	December 2019
Quantification of C uptake in subarctic birch forest after setback by an extreme insect outbreak: CARBON UPTAKE SETBACK BY INSECT OUTBREAK Heliasz, Michal; Johansson, Torbjörn; Lindroth, Anders Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 38, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044733	journal	January 2011
Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record Bond-Lamberty, Ben; Thomson, Allison Nature, Vol. 464, Issue 7288 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08930	journal	March 2010

Similar Records

Scaling carbon fluxes from eddy covariance sites to globe: synthesis and evaluation of the FLUXCOM approach

Journal Article · Mon Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Biogeosciences (Online) · OSTI ID:1787716

Jung, Martin; Schwalm, Christopher; Migliavacca, Mirco; +29 more

Evaluating atmospheric CO₂ effects on gross primary productivity and net ecosystem exchanges of terrestrial ecosystems in the conterminous United States using the AmeriFlux data and an artificial neural network approach

Journal Article · Thu Jan 21 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Agricultural and Forest Meteorology · OSTI ID:1787716

Liu, Shaoqing; Zhuang, Qianlai; He, Yujie; +3 more

Increasing summer net CO<sub>2</sub> uptake in high northern ecosystems inferred from atmospheric inversions and comparisons to remote-sensing NDVI

Journal Article · Mon Jul 25 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) · OSTI ID:1787716

Welp, Lisa R.; Patra, Prabir K.; Rödenbeck, Christian; +4 more

Title: Statistical upscaling of ecosystem CO 2 fluxes across the terrestrial tundra and boreal domain: Regional patterns and uncertainties

Citation Formats

References (93)

Similar Records

Related Subjects

Title: Statistical upscaling of ecosystem CO ₂ fluxes across the terrestrial tundra and boreal domain: Regional patterns and uncertainties