Multiply-excited states and their contribution to opacity in CO2 laser-driven tin-plasma conditions

Sheil, John; Versolato, Oscar O.; Neukirch, Amanda J.; Colgan, James Patrick

doi:10.1088/1361-6455/abcedf

Title: Multiply-excited states and their contribution to opacity in CO₂ laser-driven tin-plasma conditions

Journal Article · Fri Jan 22 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Journal of Physics. B, Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/abcedf· OSTI ID:1787292

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Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, Amsterdam (The Netherlands); Vrije Univ., Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

A recent study (2020 Nat. Commun. 11 2334) has found that transitions between multiply-excited configurations in open 4d-subshell tin ions are the dominant contributors to intense EUV emission from dense, Nd:YAG-driven (laser wavelength λ = 1.064 μm) tin plasmas. In the present study, we employ the Los Alamos Atomic code to investigate the spectral contribution from these transitions under industrially-relevant, CO₂ laser-driven (λ = 10.6 μm) tin plasma conditions. First, we employ Busquet's ionisation temperature method to match the average charge state < Z > of a non-local-thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) plasma with an LTE one. This is done by varying the temperature of the LTE calculations until a so-called ionisation temperature T_Z is established. Importantly, this approach generates LTE-computed configuration populations in excellent agreement with the non-LTE populations. A corollary of this observation is that the non-LTE populations are well-described by Boltzmann-type exponential distributions having effective temperatures T_eff ≈ T_Z. In the second part of this work, we perform extensive level-resolved LTE opacity calculations at T_Z. It is found that 66% of the opacity in the industrially-relevant 2% bandwidth centred at 13.5 nm arises from transitions between multiply-excited states. These results reinforce the need for the consideration of complex, multiply-excited states in modelling the radiative properties of laser-driven plasma sources of EUV light.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); European Research Council (ERC)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; 802648

OSTI ID:: 1787292

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-20-26756; TRN: US2210437

Journal Information:: Journal of Physics. B, Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 54, Issue 3; ISSN 0953-4075

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
opacity
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multiply-excited states

Title: Multiply-excited states and their contribution to opacity in CO2 laser-driven tin-plasma conditions

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References (57)

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Title: Multiply-excited states and their contribution to opacity in CO₂ laser-driven tin-plasma conditions