Effect of Anode Porosity and Temperature on the Performance and Lithium Plating During Fast-Charging of Lithium-Ion Cells

Robertson, David C.; Flores, LeRoy; Dunlop, Alison R.; Trask, Stephen E.; Usseglio-Viretta, Francois E.; Colclasure, Andrew M.; Yang, Zhenzhen; Bloom, Ira

doi:10.1002/ente.202000666

Effect of Anode Porosity and Temperature on the Performance and Lithium Plating During Fast-Charging of Lithium-Ion Cells

Journal Article · Thu Nov 12 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Energy Technology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202000666· OSTI ID:1755739

Robertson, David C. ^[1]; Flores, LeRoy ^[1]; Dunlop, Alison R. ^[1]; Trask, Stephen E. ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[1]; ^[1]

Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Lemont IL 60439 USA
Center for Integrated Mobility Sciences National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO 80401 USA

Twenty-four single-layer approximate to 32 mAh pouch cells are tested to determine the effect of electrode porosity on lithium plating. Twelve cells contain a graphite electrode that is 26% porous, and 47% for the other twelve. The cells are cycled using a 6-C charge and a C/2 discharge protocol at temperatures in the range of 20-50 degrees C. A macro-homogeneous electrochemical model and microstructure analysis tool set are used to help interpret experimental observations for the effect of anode porosity and ambient temperature on fast-charging performance. Additionally, comparison between the two also highlights gaps in current theoretical understanding that need to be addressed. In post-test examination, lithium plating is seen in all cells, regardless of porosity. Elevated temperature is shown to reduce the amount of lithium plating and improve initial fast-charge capacity, but also changes the rate of other, less well-understood degradation mechanisms. Apparent kinetic rate laws, At + Bt^1/2, where A and B are constants, can be fit to most of the capacity loss and resistance increase data. The relative magnitudes of A and B change with temperature and porosity. The capacity loss data at 50 degrees C from the high-porosity cells are fit by a logistics rate law.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1755739

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1776808
OSTI ID: 1786413

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5700-77281; MainId:26227; UUID:21238707-6777-434f-8b3c-b77e699a4d12; MainAdminID:19068

Journal Information:: Energy Technology, Journal Name: Energy Technology Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 9; ISSN 2194-4288

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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