Skip to main content
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Vanadyl Phosphates AxVOPO4 (A = Li, Na, K) as Multielectron Cathodes for Alkali-Ion Batteries

Journal Article · · Advanced Energy Materials
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [4];  [4];  [1];  [5];  [6];  [4];  [1]
  1. Binghamton Univ., NY (United States)
  2. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  3. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
  4. Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
  5. Univ. of San Diego, San Diego, CA (United States)
  6. Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)

Vanadyl phosphates comprise a class of multielectron cathode materials capable of cycling two Li+, about 1.66 Na+, and some K+ ions per redox center. In this review, structures, thermodynamic stabilities, and ion diffusion kinetics of various AxVOPO4 (A = Li, Na, K, NH4) polymorphs are discussed. Both the experimental data and first-principle calculations indicate kinetic limitations for alkali metal ions cycling, especially between for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, and metastability of phases with x > 1. This creates challenges for multiple-ion cycling, as the slow kinetics call for nanosized particles, which being metastable and reactive with organic electrolytes are prone to side reactions. Thus, various synthesis approaches, surface coating, and transition metal ion substitution strategies are discussed here as possible ways to stabilize AxVOPO4 structures and improve alkali metal ion diffusion. Finally, the role of advanced characterization techniques, such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy, diffraction, pair distribution function analysis and 7Li and 31P NMR, in understanding the reaction mechanism from both structural and electronic points of view is emphasized.

Research Organization:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357; SC0012583
OSTI ID:
1818445
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1786178
Journal Information:
Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Journal Issue: 47 Vol. 10; ISSN 1614-6832
Publisher:
WileyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (116)

Aliovalent Substitutions in Olivine Lithium Iron Phosphate and Impact on Structure and Properties journal April 2009
Vanadium‐Based Nanomaterials: A Promising Family for Emerging Metal‐Ion Batteries journal January 2020
Micro- and Nano-Structured Vanadium Pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) for Electrodes of Lithium-Ion Batteries journal May 2017
Recent Progress in the Applications of Vanadium-Based Oxides on Energy Storage: from Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials Synthesis to 3D Micro/Nano-Structures and Free-Standing Electrodes Fabrication journal July 2017
KVOPO 4 : A New High Capacity Multielectron Na-Ion Battery Cathode journal May 2018
Effects of Ti Doping on the Structural Stability and Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of α-LiVOPO 4: Effects of Ti Doping on α-LiVOPO4 journal November 2018
An Overview of Mixed Polyanionic Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries journal September 2018
�ber die Konstitution des VPO5(�nH2O) journal August 1965
New Insights into VOPO4 Phases Through Their Hydration journal July 1994
RbVOPO4 and CsVOPO4, Two Vanadyl(IV) Orthophosphates with an Intersecting Tunnel Structure and Discrete VO5 Pyramids journal March 1993
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of (NH4)VOPO4: A Structure with One-Dimensional Chains of VO6 Octahedra journal January 1994
The Hydrothermal NH4/V/P/H2O and K/V/P/N(C2H5)3/H2O Systems at 473 K and the Crystal Structures of NH4VOPO4and (NH4)3V2O3(VO)(PO4)2(HPO4) journal December 1997
Optimized LiVOPO4 for cathodes in Li-ion rechargeable batteries journal September 2005
LiVOPO4 as an anode material for lithium ion batteries journal June 2009
Enhanced electrochemical performance of manganese-doped β-LiVOPO4 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries journal April 2015
Hydrothermal synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of a new polymorph of lithium vanadyl(IV) orthophosphate: β-LiVOPO4 journal December 1991
Layered compounds derived from vanadyl phosphate dihydrate journal September 1995
Redox transformations of simple vanadium phosphates: the synthesis of ε-VOPO4 journal April 1996
Crystallochemistry of VPO phases and application to catalysis journal January 1987
Crystal structure of a new polytype in the V–P–O system: is ω-VOPO4 a dynamically stabilised metastable network? journal August 2001
Propane partial oxidation over M3+-substituted vanadyl phosphates dispersed on titania and silica journal April 2002
The vanadium monophosphates AVOPO4: Synthesis of a second form β-KVOPO4 and structural relationships in the series journal May 2001
A Fully Sodiated NaVOPO4 with Layered Structure for High-Voltage and Long-Lifespan Sodium-Ion Batteries journal May 2018
Advanced cathodes for potassium-ion battery journal December 2019
Synthesis of LiFePO4 by co-precipitation and microwave heating journal October 2003
Is small particle size more important than carbon coating? An example study on LiFePO4 cathodes journal December 2007
A high-performance solid-state synthesized LiVOPO4 for lithium-ion batteries journal August 2019
Preparation and characterization of nano-sized LiFePO4 by low heating solid-state coordination method and microwave heating journal August 2007
Synthesis of LiVOPO4 for cathode materials by coordination and microwave sintering journal August 2011
Stable cycling of β-VOPO4/NaVOPO4 cathodes for sodium-ion batteries journal December 2018
Revitalized interest in vanadium pentoxide as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries and beyond journal March 2018
Microwave versus conventional sintering: A review of fundamentals, advantages and applications journal April 2010
Effects of Zr doping to improve ionic conductivity and lithium-diffusion kinetics of β-LiVOPO4 cathode material journal March 2020
Synthesis and electrochemical properties of olivine-type LiFePO4/C composite cathode material prepared from a poly(vinyl alcohol)-containing precursor journal October 2006
LiVOPO4: A cathode material for 4V lithium ion batteries journal April 2009
Study of LiFePO4 cathode materials coated with high surface area carbon journal April 2009
Synthesis and electrochemical properties of vanadium oxide materials and structures as Li-ion battery positive electrodes journal December 2014
A long lifespan potassium-ion full battery based on KVPO4F cathode and VPO4 anode journal March 2020
The crystal structure of ε-VOPO4 journal July 2006
Towards the understanding of poor electrochemical activity of triclinic LiVOPO4: Experimental characterization and theoretical investigations journal October 2008
Electrochemical and electrical properties of Nb- and/or C-containing LiFePO4 composites journal January 2006
The hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of olivines and related compounds for electrochemical applications journal January 2008
Studies of lithium ion dynamics in paramagnetic cathode materials using 6Li 1D selective inversion methods journal April 2012
Synthesis and powder data for [Mn(H 2 O)] 0.25 (VO) 0.75 PO 4 ·2H 2 O journal June 1993
Interfacial Effects in ε-Li x VOPO 4 and Evolution of the Electronic Structure journal December 2015
Crystal Chemistry of Electrochemically and Chemically Lithiated Layered α I -LiVOPO 4 journal September 2015
AVPO 4 F (A = Li, K): A 4 V Cathode Material for High-Power Rechargeable Batteries journal January 2016
A 3.4 V Layered VOPO 4 Cathode for Na-Ion Batteries journal January 2016
Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Structural Evolution of ε-LiVOPO 4 over Multiple Lithium Intercalation journal February 2016
β-NaVOPO 4 Obtained by a Low-Temperature Synthesis Process: A New 3.3 V Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries journal February 2016
Molybdenum Substituted Vanadyl Phosphate ε-VOPO 4 with Enhanced Two-Electron Transfer Reversibility and Kinetics for Lithium-Ion Batteries journal April 2016
Research Development on K-Ion Batteries journal January 2020
Nonstoichiometry and Defects in Hydrothermally Synthesized ε-LiVOPO 4 journal June 2019
Thermal Stability and Reactivity of Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries journal March 2016
ε- and β-LiVOPO 4 : Phase Transformation and Electrochemistry journal August 2017
Electrochemical Performance of Nanosized Disordered LiVOPO 4 journal July 2018
Lithium Insertion into Titanium Phosphates, Silicates, and Sulfates journal December 2002
Atomic-Scale Investigation of Defects, Dopants, and Lithium Transport in the LiFePO 4 Olivine-Type Battery Material journal October 2005
Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of LiFePO 4 :  Small Magnetic Polaron Effects journal July 2007
Can Vanadium Be Substituted into LiFePO 4 ? journal November 2011
Synthesis and Crystallographic Study of Homeotypic LiVPO 4 F and LiVPO 4 O journal February 2012
Why Substitution Enhances the Reactivity of LiFePO 4 journal December 2012
Temperature Dependence of Aliovalent-Vanadium Doping in LiFePO 4 Cathodes journal February 2013
Microwave-Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Various Polymorphs of LiVOPO 4 journal April 2013
The Structural and Electrochemical Impact of Li and Fe Site Substitution in LiFePO 4 journal June 2013
Chemical and Electrochemical Lithiation of LiVOPO 4 Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries journal June 2014
Proof of Supervalent Doping in Olivine LiFePO 4 journal October 2008
The sol-gel process journal January 1990
Lithium Batteries and Cathode Materials journal October 2004
Polyanionic (Phosphates, Silicates, Sulfates) Frameworks as Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Li (or Na) Batteries journal June 2013
Ultimate Limits to Intercalation Reactions for Lithium Batteries journal October 2014
Electronic effects of substitution chemistry in the potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO4) structure field: structure and optical properties of potassium vanadyl phosphate journal May 1990
Structural Transformation of LiVOPO 4 to Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 with Enhanced Capacity journal September 2008
LiVOPO 4 Hollow Microspheres: One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis with Reactants as Self-Sacrifice Templates and Lithium Intercalation Performances journal August 2008
Particle Size Dependence of the Ionic Diffusivity journal October 2010
Multiple phases in the ε-VPO 4 O–LiVPO 4 O–Li 2 VPO 4 O system: a combined solid state electrochemistry and diffraction structural study journal January 2014
Phase stability and its impact on the electrochemical performance of VOPO 4 and LiVOPO 4 journal January 2014
KVPO 4 F and KVOPO 4 toward 4 volt-class potassium-ion batteries journal January 2017
Comparison of the polymorphs of VOPO 4 as multi-electron cathodes for rechargeable alkali-ion batteries journal January 2017
Enabling multi-electron reaction of ε-VOPO 4 to reach theoretical capacity for lithium-ion batteries journal January 2018
Delithiation/lithiation behaviors of three polymorphs of LiVOPO 4 journal January 2018
Reversible facile Rb + and K + ions de/insertion in a KTiOPO 4 -type RbVPO 4 F cathode material journal January 2018
Role of disorder in limiting the true multi-electron redox in ε-LiVOPO 4 journal January 2018
Rational synthesis and electrochemical performance of LiVOPO 4 polymorphs journal January 2019
Competing with other polyanionic cathode materials for potassium-ion batteries via fine structure design: new layered KVOPO 4 with a tailored particle morphology journal January 2019
Evolution of lithium ordering with (de)-lithiation in β-LiVOPO 4 : insights through solid-state NMR and first principles DFT calculations journal January 2020
Some transition metal (oxy)phosphates and vanadium oxides for lithium batteries journal January 2005
Layered vanadium and molybdenum oxides: batteries and electrochromics journal January 2009
Hollow α-LiVOPO4 sphere cathodes for high energy Li-ion battery application journal January 2011
Voltage, stability and diffusion barrier differences between sodium-ion and lithium-ion intercalation materials journal January 2011
Synthesis and electrochemical studies of layer-structured metastable αI-LiVOPO4 journal January 2012
Exploration of NaVOPO4 as a cathode for a Na-ion battery journal January 2013
Electrical properties of pure vanadium phosphate phases and of VPO catalysts used in the partial oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride journal January 1994
One‐dimensional antiferromagnetic behavior in A VOPO 4 ( A =NH 4 , Na) prepared from hydrothermal conditions journal May 1994
Uniform second Li ion intercalation in solid state ϵ-LiVOPO4 journal August 2016
Electrochemical Performance of Cathode LiVOPO 4 Doped with Mo and W journal June 2013
Structural chemistry of vanadium oxides with open frameworks journal October 1999
Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides journal September 1976
Local structure of vanadium in doped LiFePO 4 journal August 2010
Selective Synthesis of Lithium Ion-Conductive β-LiVOPO 4 Crystals via Glass-Ceramic Processing journal December 2008
Highly Reversible Li Insertion at 4 V in ɛ-VOPO[sub 4]/α-LiVOPO[sub 4] Cathodes journal January 1999
Electrochemical Insertion Properties of the Novel Lithium Vanadium Fluorophosphate, LiVPO[sub 4]F journal January 2003
Electrochemical Properties of Beta-LiVOPO[sub 4] Prepared by Carbothermal Reduction journal January 2004
Phospho-olivines as Positive-Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries journal April 1997
ε-VOPO[sub 4]: Electrochemical Synthesis and Enhanced Cathode Behavior journal January 2005
Synthesis, Structure and Electrochemistry of Lithium Vanadium Phosphate Cathode Materials journal January 2011
Lithium Insertion or Extraction from/into Tavorite-Type LiVPO 4 F: An In Situ X-ray Diffraction Study journal January 2012
Transport and Kinetic Aspects of Alkali Metal Ions Intercalation into AVPO 4 F Framework journal January 2017
Electrochemical Behavior of Nanostructured ɛ-VOPO4 over Two Redox Plateaus journal January 2013
Improved Electrochemical Performance of NaVOPO 4 Positive Electrodes at Elevated Temperature in an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte journal January 2015
Structure cristalline du monophosphate KTiPO 5 journal April 1974
Synthesis of β-LiVOPO4/C by Sol-gel Method and Microwave Sintering as Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries journal November 2017
Vegard's law: a fundamental relation or an approximation? journal September 2007
Synthesis and Characterization of Niobium and Tungsten Substituted VOPO4 journal July 2019
Cathodic Performance of LiVOPO4 Prepared by Impregnation Method for Li Ion Secondary Battery journal January 2003
Charge/discharge Behavior of Triclinic LiTiOPO4 Anode Materials for Lithium Secondary Batteries journal January 2016

Similar Records

Interfacial Effects in ε-LixVOPO4 and Evolution of the Electronic Structure
Journal Article · Tue Dec 08 19:00:00 EST 2015 · Chemistry of Materials · OSTI ID:1387345

Comparison of the polymorphs of VOPO4 as multi-electron cathodes for rechargeable alkali-ion batteries
Journal Article · Sat Dec 31 19:00:00 EST 2016 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A · OSTI ID:1493610