Upper mantle structure of central and West Antarctica from array analysis of Rayleigh wave phase velocities

Heeszel, David S.; Wiens, Douglas A.; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar; Aster, Richard C.; Dalziel, Ian W. D.; Huerta, Audrey D.; Nyblade, Andrew A.; Wilson, Terry J.; Winberry, J. Paul

doi:10.1002/2015JB012616

Upper mantle structure of central and West Antarctica from array analysis of Rayleigh wave phase velocities

Journal Article · Mon Mar 07 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012616· OSTI ID:1785806

Heeszel, David S. ^[1]; Wiens, Douglas A. ^[2]; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar ^[3]; Aster, Richard C. ^[4]; Dalziel, Ian W. D. ^[5]; Huerta, Audrey D. ^[6]; Nyblade, Andrew A. ^[3]; Wilson, Terry J. ^[7]; Winberry, J. Paul ^[6]

Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University St. Louis Missouri USA, United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington District of Columbia USA
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University St. Louis Missouri USA
Department of Geosciences Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA
Geosciences Department, Warner College of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
Institute for Geophysics University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
Department of Geological Sciences Central Washington University Ellensburg Washington USA
Department of Geological Sciences Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA

Abstract

The seismic velocity structure of Antarctica is important, both as a constraint on the tectonic history of the continent and for understanding solid Earth interactions with the ice sheet. We use Rayleigh wave array analysis methods applied to teleseismic data from recent temporary broadband seismograph deployments to image the upper mantle structure of central and West Antarctica. Phase velocity maps are determined using a two–plane wave tomography method and are inverted for shear velocity using a Monte Carlo approach to estimate three‐dimensional velocity structure. Results illuminate the structural dichotomy between the East Antarctic Craton and West Antarctica, with West Antarctica showing thinner crust and slower upper mantle velocity. West Antarctica is characterized by a 70–100 km thick lithosphere, underlain by a low‐velocity zone to depths of at least 200 km. The slowest anomalies are beneath Ross Island and the Marie Byrd Land dome and are interpreted as upper mantle thermal anomalies possibly due to mantle plumes. The central Transantarctic Mountains are marked by an uppermost mantle slow‐velocity anomaly, suggesting that the topography is thermally supported. The presence of thin, higher‐velocity lithosphere to depths of about 70 km beneath the West Antarctic Rift System limits estimates of the regionally averaged heat flow to less than 90 mW/m ² . The Ellsworth‐Whitmore block is underlain by mantle with velocities that are intermediate between those of the West Antarctic Rift System and the East Antarctic Craton. We interpret this province as Precambrian continental lithosphere that has been altered by Phanerozoic tectonic and magmatic activity.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI ID:: 1785806

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 121; ISSN 2169-9313

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Composition and age of the East Antarctic Shield in eastern Wilkes Land determined by proxy from Oligocene-Pleistocene glaciomarine sediment and Beacon Supergroup sandstones, Antarctica Goodge, John W.; Fanning, C. Mark Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol. 122, Issue 7-8 https://doi.org/10.1130/B30079.1	journal	March 2010
Ross Sea mylonites and the timing of intracontinental extension within the West Antarctic rift system Siddoway, Christine Smith; Baldwin, Suzanne L.; Fitzgerald, Paul G. Geology, Vol. 32, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1130/G20005.1	journal	January 2004
Crustal structure of the West Antarctic rift system and Marie Byrd Land hotspot Winberry, J. Paul; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar Geology, Vol. 32, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1130/G20768.1	journal	January 2004
Structure of the Sierra Nevada from receiver functions and implications for lithospheric foundering Frassetto, Andrew M.; Zandt, George; Gilbert, Hersh Geosphere, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00570.1	journal	August 2011
Evolution of Neogene volcanism and stress patterns in the glaciated West Antarctic Rift, Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica Paulsen, Timothy S.; Wilson, Terry J. Journal of the Geological Society, Vol. 167, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492009-044	journal	March 2010
Proterozoic basement provinces of southern and southwestern Australia, and their correlation with Antarctica Fitzsimons, I. C. W. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, Vol. 206, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.206.01.07	journal	January 2003
Building and Destroying Continental Mantle Lee, Cin-Ty A.; Luffi, Peter; Chin, Emily J. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 39, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-040610-133505	journal	May 2011
Apparent Vertical Moho Offsets under Continental Strike-Slip Faults from Lithology Contrasts in the Seismogenic Crust Schulte-Pelkum, V.; Ben-Zion, Y. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 102, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120139	journal	December 2012
Tectonic History of Mid-Miocene to Present Southern Victoria Land Basin, Inferred from Seismic Stratigraphy in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica Henrys, S.; Wilson, T.; Whittaker, J. M. U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/of2007-1047.srp049	report	July 2007
Ice temperature and high geothermal flux at Siple Dome, West Antarctica, from borehole measurements Engelhardt, Hermann Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 50, Issue 169 https://doi.org/10.3189/172756504781830105	journal	January 2004
Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica Fretwell, P.; Pritchard, H. D.; Vaughan, D. G. The Cryosphere, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-375-2013	journal	January 2013

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