Evolution of Microstructure, Residual Stress, and Tensile Properties of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel Under Heat Treatments

Zhang, Xinchang; McMurtrey, Michael D.; Wang, Liang; O’Brien, Robert C.; Shiau, Ching-Heng; Wang, Yun; Scott, Randall; Ren, Yang; Sun, Cheng

doi:10.1007/s11837-020-04433-9

Evolution of Microstructure, Residual Stress, and Tensile Properties of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel Under Heat Treatments

Journal Article · Mon Nov 02 23:00:00 EST 2020 · JOM. Journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04433-9· OSTI ID:1784911

Zhang, Xinchang ^[1]; McMurtrey, Michael D. ^[1]; Wang, Liang ^[2]; O’Brien, Robert C. ^[1]; Shiau, Ching-Heng ^[3]; Wang, Yun ^[4]; Scott, Randall ^[1]; Ren, Yang ^[2]; ^[1]

Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States)

This study investigated the microstructure, residual stress and tensile properties of the directed energy deposited stainless steel 316L (SS316L) under thermal annealing. Microstructure characterization shows the as-printed sample has laser-generated patterns where dendritic structure is observed at the edge of the patterns and cellular structure dominates the interior region. Here, the thermal annealing at 983 and 1093°C effectively removes the dendritic/cellular structures. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction reveals that the as-fabricated SS316L exhibits compressive residual stress of -197.4 MPa. The stress is greatly relieved to -53.8 MPa after annealing at 1093°C. The room temperature tensile testing indicates that the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength drop from 378 and 502 MPa in the as-printed sample to 258 and 446 MPa in the annealed samples (1093°C), respectively. Our study provides insights into the relationship between microstructure, residual stress, and tensile properties of laser additive manufactured SS316L.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Idaho National Laboratory - Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division; USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1784911

Journal Information:: JOM. Journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Journal Name: JOM. Journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 72; ISSN 1047-4838

Publisher:: SpringerCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (32)

Evaluation of component repair using direct metal deposition from scanned data Zhang, Xinchang; Li, Wei; Chen, Xueyang The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 95, Issue 9-12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1455-y	journal	December 2017
Experimental Characterization of a Direct Metal Deposited Cobalt-Based Alloy on Tool Steel for Component Repair Zhang, Xinchang; Pan, Tan; Li, Wei JOM, Vol. 71, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-018-3221-5	journal	November 2018
Effect of Post-heat Treatment on the Corrosion Behavior of AlSi10Mg Alloy Produced by Additive Manufacturing Zakay, Amit; Aghion, Eli JOM, Vol. 71, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-018-3298-x	journal	January 2019
Effect of Process Parameters on Solidification Structure and Properties of Laser Deposited SS316 Alloy Savitha, U.; Reddy, G. Jagan; Venkataramana, A. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, Vol. 68, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-015-0638-1	journal	August 2015
Lattice strain evolution during uniaxial tensile loading of stainless steel Clausen, Bjørn; Lorentzen, Torben; Bourke, Mark A. M. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 259, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00878-8	journal	January 1999
Microstructures and mechanical behavior of Inconel 718 fabricated by selective laser melting Amato, K. N.; Gaytan, S. M.; Murr, L. E. Acta Materialia, Vol. 60, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.12.032	journal	March 2012
Effect of processing parameters on microstructure and tensile properties of austenitic stainless steel 304L made by directed energy deposition additive manufacturing Wang, Zhuqing; Palmer, Todd A.; Beese, Allison M. Acta Materialia, Vol. 110 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.03.019	journal	May 2016
Investigation of effect of process parameters on multilayer builds by direct metal deposition Amine, Tarak; Newkirk, Joseph W.; Liou, Frank Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 73, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.08.005	journal	December 2014
Residual stresses and distortion in additively manufactured compositionally graded and dissimilar joints Mukherjee, T.; Zuback, J. S.; Zhang, W. Computational Materials Science, Vol. 143 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2017.11.026	journal	February 2018
Electrochemical studies on the effect of residual stress on the corrosion of 316L manufactured by selective laser melting Cruz, V.; Chao, Q.; Birbilis, N. Corrosion Science, Vol. 164 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2019.108314	journal	March 2020
Improvement of corrosion resistance of SS316L manufactured by selective laser melting through subcritical annealing Zhou, Chengshuang; Hu, Shiyin; Shi, Qiaoying Corrosion Science, Vol. 164 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2019.108353	journal	March 2020
Heat treatment effect on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting for proton exchange membrane fuel cells Kong, Decheng; Ni, Xiaoqing; Dong, Chaofang Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 276 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.188	journal	June 2018
Fabrication of large Ti–6Al–4V structures by direct laser deposition Qiu, Chunlei; Ravi, G. A.; Dance, Chris Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 629 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.12.234	journal	April 2015
Additive manufacturing of 316L stainless steel by electron beam melting for nuclear fusion applications Zhong, Yuan; Rännar, Lars-Erik; Liu, Leifeng Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 486 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.12.042	journal	April 2017
Characterization of stainless steel parts by Laser Metal Deposition Shaping Zhang, Kai; Wang, Shijie; Liu, Weijun Materials & Design, Vol. 55 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.09.006	journal	March 2014
Microstructure and mechanical behavior of laser additive manufactured AISI 316 stainless steel stringers de Lima, Milton Sergio Fernandes; Sankaré, Simon Materials & Design, Vol. 55 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.10.016	journal	March 2014
Laser metal deposition of functionally graded Ti6Al4V/TiC Mahamood, R. M.; Akinlabi, E. T. Materials & Design, Vol. 84 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.135	journal	November 2015
Additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V alloy: A review Liu, Shunyu; Shin, Yung C. Materials & Design, Vol. 164 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.107552	journal	February 2019
Thermo-mechanical analyses for optimized path planning in laser aided additive manufacturing processes Ren, K.; Chew, Y.; Fuh, J. Y. H. Materials & Design, Vol. 162 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.11.014	journal	January 2019
Effects of process time interval and heat treatment on the mechanical and microstructural properties of direct laser deposited 316L stainless steel Yadollahi, Aref; Shamsaei, Nima; Thompson, Scott M. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 644 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.07.056	journal	September 2015
A comparison on metallurgical behaviors of 316L stainless steel by selective laser melting and laser cladding deposition Ma, Mingming; Wang, Zemin; Zeng, Xiaoyan Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 685 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.12.112	journal	February 2017
Correlation between process parameters, microstructure and properties of 316 L stainless steel processed by selective laser melting Kurzynowski, Tomasz; Gruber, Konrad; Stopyra, Wojciech Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 718 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.01.103	journal	March 2018
Microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel 316L vertical struts manufactured by laser powder bed fusion process Wang, Xianglong; Muñiz-Lerma, Jose Alberto; Sánchez-Mata, Oscar Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 736 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.08.069	journal	October 2018
Effect of build geometry and orientation on microstructure and properties of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel by laser metal deposition Mukherjee, Monideepa Materialia, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2019.100359	journal	September 2019
Control of shape and performance for direct laser fabrication of precision large-scale metal parts with 316L Stainless Steel Ma, Mingming; Wang, Zemin; Wang, Dengzhi Optics & Laser Technology, Vol. 45 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2012.07.002	journal	February 2013
Understanding the Residual Stress in DMLS CoCrMo and SS316L using X-ray diffraction Chimmat, Manojakumar; Srinivasan, Dheepa Procedia Structural Integrity, Vol. 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2019.05.093	journal	January 2019
Effect of residual stresses on mechanical properties and interface adhesion strength of SiN thin films Huang, Yi-Chung; Chang, Shou-Yi; Chang, Chih-Hsiang Thin Solid Films, Vol. 517, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2009.03.043	journal	July 2009
Fabrication of SS316L-IN625 functionally graded materials by powder-fed directed energy deposition Zhang, Xinchang; Chen, Yitao; Liou, Frank Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Vol. 24, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2019.1589086	journal	March 2019
Effects of residual stress on the mechanical properties of copper processed using ultrasonic-nanocrystalline surface modification Moon, Ji Hyun; Baek, Seung Mi; Lee, Seok Gyu Materials Research Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/21663831.2018.1560370	journal	December 2018
GSAS-II : the genesis of a modern open-source all purpose crystallography software package Toby, Brian H.; Von Dreele, Robert B. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 46, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889813003531	journal	March 2013
R factors in Rietveld analysis: How good is good enough? Toby, Brian H. Powder Diffraction, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1154/1.2179804	journal	March 2006
Fabrication of AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy Coating on an AISI 304 Substrate via a CoFe2Ni Intermediate Layer Cui, Wenyuan; Karnati, Sreekar; Zhang, Xinchang Entropy, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/e21010002	journal	December 2018

Similar Records

Microstructure and high temperature tensile properties of 316L fabricated by laser powder-bed fusion

Journal Article · Wed Nov 18 23:00:00 EST 2020 · Additive Manufacturing · OSTI ID:1817598

Tensile properties, strain rate sensitivity, and activation volume of additively manufactured 316L stainless steels [Tensile properties of 316L stainless steels made by laser powder-bed-fusion additive manufacturing]

Journal Article · Sun Sep 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · International Journal of Plasticity · OSTI ID:1566789

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Additive manufacturing
Directed Energy Deposition
Residual stress
Stainless steel
Synchrotron diffraction

Evolution of Microstructure, Residual Stress, and Tensile Properties of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel Under Heat Treatments

Citation Formats

References (32)

Similar Records

Related Subjects