Photon-recoil and laser-focusing limits to Rydberg gate fidelity

Robicheaux, F.; Graham, T. M.; Saffman, M.

doi:10.1103/physreva.103.022424

Photon-recoil and laser-focusing limits to Rydberg gate fidelity

Journal Article · Wed Feb 24 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Physical Review A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.103.022424· OSTI ID:1783194

Robicheaux, F. ^[1]; Graham, T. M. ^[2]; ^[3]

Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States); Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); University of Wisconsin, Madison
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); ColdQuanta, Inc., Madison, WI (United States)

Limits to Rydberg gate fidelity that arise from the entanglement of internal states of neutral atoms with the motional degrees of freedom due to the momentum kick from photon absorption and re-emission is quantified. This occurs when the atom is in a superposition of internal states but only one of these states is manipulated by visible or UV photons. The Schrödinger equation that describes this situation is presented and two cases are explored. In the first case, the entanglement arises because the spatial wave function shifts due to the separation in time between excitation and stimulated emission. For neutral atoms in a harmonic trap, the decoherence can be expressed within a sudden approximation when the duration of the laser pulses are shorter than the harmonic oscillator period. In this limit, the decoherence is given by simple analytic formulas that account for the momentum of the photon, the temperature of the atoms, the harmonic oscillator frequency, and atomic mass. In the second case, there is a reduction in gate fidelity because the photons causing absorption and stimulated emission are in focused beam modes. This leads to a dependence of the optically induced changes in the internal states on the center of mass atomic position. In the limit where the time between pulses is short, the decoherence can be expressed as a simple analytic formula involving the laser waist, temperature of the atoms, the trap frequency, and the atomic mass. These limits on gate fidelity are studied for the standard π-2π-π Rydberg gate and a protocol based on a single adiabatic pulse with a Gaussian envelope.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: DARPA; National Science Foundation; USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0019465

OSTI ID:: 1783194

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1870311

Journal Information:: Physical Review A, Journal Name: Physical Review A Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 103; ISSN 2469-9926

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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