Observation of magnetic adatom-induced Majorana vortex and its hybridization with field-induced Majorana vortex in an iron-based superconductor

Fan, Peng; Yang, Fazhi; Qian, Guojian; Chen, Hui; Zhang, Yu-Yang; Li, Geng; Huang, Zihao; Xing, Yuqing; Kong, Lingyuan; Liu, Wenyao; Jiang, Kun; Shen, Chengmin; Du, Shixuan; Schneeloch, John; Zhong, Ruidan; Gu, Genda; Wang, Ziqiang; Ding, Hong; Gao, Hong-Jun

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21646-x

Title: Observation of magnetic adatom-induced Majorana vortex and its hybridization with field-induced Majorana vortex in an iron-based superconductor

Journal Article · Mon Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21646-x· OSTI ID:1781513

Fan, Peng ^[1]; Yang, Fazhi ^[1]; Qian, Guojian ^[1];

^[2];

^[3];

^[3]; Huang, Zihao ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]; Jiang, Kun ^[4]; Shen, Chengmin ^[3]; Du, Shixuan ^[3]; Schneeloch, John ^[5]; Zhong, Ruidan ^[5]; Gu, Genda ^[5]; Wang, Ziqiang ^[6];

^[7];

^[8]

Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). Inst. of Physics. Beijing National Lab. for Condensed Matter Physics (BNLCP-CAS); Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). Inst. of Physics. Beijing National Lab. for Condensed Matter Physics (BNLCP-CAS); Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China); Songshan Lake Materials Lab., Dongguan (China)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). Inst. of Physics. Beijing National Lab. for Condensed Matter Physics (BNLCP-CAS); Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China); Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China). CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). Inst. of Physics. Beijing National Lab. for Condensed Matter Physics (BNLCP-CAS); Boston College, Boston, MA (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Boston College, Boston, MA (United States)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). Inst. of Physics. Beijing National Lab. for Condensed Matter Physics (BNLCP-CAS); Songshan Lake Materials Lab., Dongguan (China); Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China). CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China). Inst. of Physics. Beijing National Lab. for Condensed Matter Physics (BNLCP-CAS); Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China); Songshan Lake Materials Lab., Dongguan (China); Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China). CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation

Braiding Majorana zero modes is essential for fault-tolerant topological quantum computing. Iron-based superconductors with nontrivial band topology have recently emerged as a surprisingly promising platform for creating distinct Majorana zero modes in magnetic vortices in a single material and at relatively high temperatures. The magnetic field-induced Abrikosov vortex lattice makes it difficult to braid a set of Majorana zero modes or to study the coupling of a Majorana doublet due to overlapping wave functions. Here we report the observation of the proposed quantum anomalous vortex with integer quantized vortex core states and the Majorana zero mode induced by magnetic Fe adatoms deposited on the surface. We observe its hybridization with a nearby field-induced Majorana vortex in iron-based superconductor FeTe_0.55Se_0.45. We also observe vortex-free Yu-Shiba-Rusinov bound states at the Fe adatoms with a weaker coupling to the substrate, and discover a reversible transition between Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states and Majorana zero mode by manipulating the exchange coupling strength. The dual origin of the Majorana zero modes, from magnetic adatoms and external magnetic field, provides a new single-material platform for studying their interactions and braiding in superconductors bearing topological band structures.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); National Key R&D Projects of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; FG02-99ER45747; 11888101; 61888102; 11674371; 52022105; 2016YFA0202300; 2018YFA0305800; 2019YFA0308500; XDB28000000; XDB07000000; 112111KYSB20160061

OSTI ID:: 1781513

Report Number(s):: BNL-221355-2021-JAAM; TRN: US2209919

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (37)

Tunable Spin–Superconductor Coupling of Spin 1/2 Vanadyl Phthalocyanine Molecules Malavolti, Luigi; Briganti, Matteo; Hänze, Max Nano Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03921	journal	November 2018
Spectral properties of quasiparticle excitations induced by magnetic moments in superconductors Salkola, M. I.; Balatsky, A. V.; Schrieffer, J. R. Physical Review B, Vol. 55, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.55.12648	journal	May 1997
Magnetic anisotropy in Shiba bound states across a quantum phase transition Hatter, Nino; Heinrich, Benjamin W.; Ruby, Michael Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9988	journal	November 2015
Structure of Vortex Lines in Pure Superconductors Bardeen, John; Kümmel, R.; Jacobs, A. E. Physical Review, Vol. 187, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.187.556	journal	November 1969
Tuning the Coupling of an Individual Magnetic Impurity to a Superconductor: Quantum Phase Transition and Transport Farinacci, Laëtitia; Ahmadi, Gelavizh; Reecht, Gaël Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.196803	journal	November 2018
Observation of ordered vortices with Andreev bound states in Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 Shan, Lei; Wang, Yong-Lei; Shen, Bing Nature Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1908	journal	February 2011
Half-integer level shift of vortex bound states in an iron-based superconductor Kong, Lingyuan; Zhu, Shiyu; Papaj, Michał Nature Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-019-0630-5	journal	August 2019
Field-free platform for Majorana-like zero mode in superconductors with a topological surface state Zhang, Songtian S.; Yin, Jia-Xin; Dai, Guangyang Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.101.100507	journal	March 2020
A new Majorana platform in an Fe-As bilayer superconductor Liu, Wenyao; Cao, Lu; Zhu, Shiyu Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19487-1	journal	November 2020
Majorana Modes at the Ends of Superconductor Vortices in Doped Topological Insulators Hosur, Pavan; Ghaemi, Pouyan; Mong, Roger S. K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.097001	journal	August 2011
Topological nature of the ${FeSe}_{0.5} {Te}_{0.5}$ superconductor Wang, Zhijun; Zhang, P.; Xu, Gang Physical Review B, Vol. 92, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.92.115119	journal	September 2015
Topological Superconductivity on the Surface of Fe-Based Superconductors Xu, Gang; Lian, Biao; Tang, Peizhe Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.047001	journal	July 2016
Self-consistent electronic structure of a vortex line in a type-II superconductor Gygi, François; Schlüter, Michael Physical Review B, Vol. 43, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.43.7609	journal	April 1991
Influence of Magnetic Ordering between Cr Adatoms on the Yu-Shiba-Rusinov States of the $β − {Bi}_{2} Pd$ Superconductor Choi, Deung-Jang; Fernández, Carlos García; Herrera, Edwin Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.167001	journal	April 2018
Observation of a robust zero-energy bound state in iron-based superconductor Fe(Te,Se) Yin, J-X.; Wu, Zheng; Wang, J-H. Nature Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3371	journal	June 2015
Nearly quantized conductance plateau of vortex zero mode in an iron-based superconductor Zhu, Shiyu; Kong, Lingyuan; Cao, Lu Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax0274	journal	December 2019
Classical Spins in Superconductors Shiba, Hiroyuki Progress of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 40, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1143/PTP.40.435	journal	September 1968
Multiple topological states in iron-based superconductors Zhang, Peng; Wang, Zhijun; Wu, Xianxin Nature Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0280-z	journal	September 2018
Local Electronic Structure of a Single Magnetic Impurity in a Superconductor Flatté, Michael E.; Byers, Jeff M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 78, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.3761	journal	May 1997
Probing the Local Effects of Magnetic Impurities on Superconductivity Yazdani, A. Science, Vol. 275, Issue 5307 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5307.1767	journal	March 1997
Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy of vortices in LiFeAs Hanaguri, T.; Kitagawa, K.; Matsubayashi, K. Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.214505	journal	June 2012
Non-Abelian anyons and topological quantum computation Nayak, Chetan; Simon, Steven H.; Stern, Ady Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 80, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.80.1083	journal	September 2008
Vortex-core structure observed with a scanning tunneling microscope Hess, H. F.; Robinson, R. B.; Waszczak, J. V. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 64, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.64.2711	journal	May 1990
Observation of topological superconductivity on the surface of an iron-based superconductor Zhang, Peng; Yaji, Koichiro; Hashimoto, Takahiro Science, Vol. 360, Issue 6385 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan4596	journal	March 2018
Superconducting Proximity Effect and Majorana Fermions at the Surface of a Topological Insulator Fu, Liang; Kane, C. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.096407	journal	March 2008
Discrete energy levels of Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon states in quantum limit in FeTe0.55Se0.45 Chen, Mingyang; Chen, Xiaoyu; Yang, Huan Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03404-8	journal	March 2018
Fault-tolerant quantum computation by anyons Kitaev, A. Yu. Annals of Physics, Vol. 303, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4916(02)00018-0	journal	January 2003
Bound Fermion states on a vortex line in a type II superconductor Caroli, C.; De Gennes, P. G.; Matricon, J. Physics Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9163(64)90375-0	journal	May 1964
Spin-Polarized Yu-Shiba-Rusinov States in an Iron-Based Superconductor Wang, Dongfei; Wiebe, Jens; Zhong, Ruidan Physical Review Letters, Vol. 126, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.076802	journal	February 2021
Spin-Resolved Spectroscopy of the Yu-Shiba-Rusinov States of Individual Atoms Cornils, L.; Kamlapure, A.; Zhou, L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.197002	journal	November 2017
Scalable Majorana vortex modes in iron-based superconductors Chiu, Ching-Kai; Machida, T.; Huang, Yingyi Science Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay0443	journal	February 2020
Low-Lying Quasiparticle Excitations around a Vortex Core in Quantum Limit Hayashi, N.; Isoshima, T.; Ichioka, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 80, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.2921	journal	March 1998
Nearly quantized conductance plateau of vortex zero mode in an iron-based superconductor Zhu, Shiyu; Kong, Lingyuan; Cao, Lu Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3514210	dataset	January 2019
Imaging atomic-scale effects of high-energy ion irradiation on superconductivity and vortex pinning in Fe(Se,Te) Massee, Freek; Sprau, Peter Oliver; Wang, Yong-Lei Science Advances, Vol. 1, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500033	journal	May 2015
Nearly quantized conductance plateau of vortex zero mode in an iron-based superconductor Zhu, Shiyu; Kong, Lingyuan; Cao, Lu Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3514211	dataset	January 2019
Evidence for Majorana bound states in an iron-based superconductor Wang, Dongfei; Kong, Lingyuan; Fan, Peng Science, Vol. 362, Issue 6412 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao1797	journal	August 2018
Zero-energy vortex bound state in the superconducting topological surface state of Fe(Se,Te) Machida, T.; Sun, Y.; Pyon, S. Nature Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0397-1	journal	June 2019

Similar Records

A new Majorana platform in an Fe-As bilayer superconductor

Journal Article · Tue Nov 10 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Nature Communications · OSTI ID:1781513

Liu, Wenyao; Cao, Lu; Zhu, Shiyu; +16 more

Localized spin-orbit polaron in magnetic Weyl semimetal Co₃Sn₂S₂

Journal Article · Thu Nov 05 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Nature Communications · OSTI ID:1781513

Xing, Yuqing; Shen, Jianlei; Chen, Hui; +24 more

Yu-Shiba-Rusinov States in a Superconductor with Topological Z2 Bands

Journal Article · Mon Jun 06 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Physical Review Letters · OSTI ID:1781513

Chiu, Ching-Kai; Wang, Ziqiang

Related Subjects

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
Superconducting properties and materials
surfaces
interfaces and thin films
topological defects

Title: Observation of magnetic adatom-induced Majorana vortex and its hybridization with field-induced Majorana vortex in an iron-based superconductor

Citation Formats

References (37)

Similar Records

Related Subjects