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A Review of Existing and Emerging Methods for Lithium Detection and Characterization in Li-Ion and Li-Metal Batteries

Journal Article · · Advanced Energy Materials
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  1. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  2. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  3. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
  4. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
  5. Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
  6. Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
  7. USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Washington DC (United States). Vehicle Technology Office
  8. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
  9. Universität Paderborn (Germany)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Whether attempting to eliminate parasitic Li metal plating on graphite (and other Li-ion anodes) or enabling stable, uniform Li metal formation in ‘anode-free’ Li battery configurations, the detection and characterization (morphology, microstructure, chemistry) of Li that cannot be reversibly cycled is essential to understand the behavior and degradation of rechargeable batteries. In this review, various approaches used to detect and characterize the formation of Li in batteries are discussed. Each technique has its unique set of advantages and limitations, and works towards solving only part of the full puzzle of battery degradation. Going forward, multimodal characterization holds the most promise towards addressing two pressing concerns in the implementation of the next generation of batteries in the transportation sector (viz. reducing recharging times and increasing the available capacity per recharge without sacrificing cycle life). Such characterizations involve combining several techniques (experimental- and/or modeling-based) in order to exploit their respective advantages and allow a more comprehensive view of cell degradation and the role of Li metal formation in it. Additionally, it is also discussed which individual techniques, or combinations thereof, can be implemented in real-world battery management systems on-board electric vehicles for early detection of potential battery degradation that would lead to failure.

Research Organization:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy; Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357; AC02-76SF00515; AC07-05ID14517; AC36-08GO28308
OSTI ID:
1781098
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1821161
OSTI ID: 1845335
OSTI ID: 1782940
OSTI ID: 1785092
Journal Information:
Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Journal Issue: 17 Vol. 11; ISSN 1614-6832
Publisher:
WileyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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25 ENERGY STORAGE
lithium detection
lithium-ion batteries
lithium-metal batteries
plating