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Nuclear Data Sheets for A=98

Journal Article · · Nuclear Data Sheets
 [1];  [2]
  1. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States); Michigan State University
  2. McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON (Canada)

Experimental spectroscopic data on nuclear structure and decay are evaluated for known nuclides of mass 98 (Br, Kr, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In). Detailed evaluation results of individual reactions and decays are presented together with the Adopted values that are recommended for level properties, γ and β radiations, and other spectroscopic information. 98Mo remains as the most extensively studied nuclide via various reactions and decays. Level schemes of Sr, Y, Zr, Tc, and Pd nuclides in this mass chain are also well established to date; while Kr, Rb, Nb, Ag and Cd are amongst the least-studied ones for excited states, with only limited data available for each. On the neutron-rich side, 98Br has been identified in the 9Be(238U,F) reaction, but no spectroscopic data are yet available, while for 98In on the proton-rich side, only the ground state and an isomer are known with half-lives measured but their spin-parities and the absolute level energy of the isomer yet to be determined. While 98Ru and 98Rh have also been extensively studied, large discrepancies exist between the high-spin sections of the proposed level schemes in different measurements, and these need to be clarified and resolved with further experimental investigations to improve the currently-adopted ones, which have been selected from the measurements with higher statistics, considering no other criteria of preference. Furthermore, this work supersedes all the earlier evaluations of A=98 (2003Si07, 1998Si18, 1992Si21, 1983Mu21, 1974Me34).

Research Organization:
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0016948
OSTI ID:
1780673
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1701994
Journal Information:
Nuclear Data Sheets, Journal Name: Nuclear Data Sheets Vol. 164; ISSN 0090-3752
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Studies of ( d , d ′ ) Reactions on Sn, Cd, Te, and Mo Isotopes journal February 1966
States of Mo 98 journal January 1968
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Neutron Resonances of Mo Isotopes journal March 1969
Neutron Binding Energies from ( d ,   p ) Q Values journal November 1954
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Radiations from Long-Lived Tc ( 98 ) journal September 1955
Nuclear-Structure Study of Mo 98 from ( p ,   p ′ ) on Analog Resonances journal January 1970
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Properties of γ -decaying isomers in the Sn 100 region populated in fragmentation of a Xe 124 beam journal August 2019
Energy dependence of the ( p ,   n ) analog cross sections of the molybdenum isotopes between 16 and 26 MeV journal January 1975
Proton transfer studies of Tc 98 journal March 1976
Delayed-neutron activities produced in fission: Mass range 79-98 journal January 1976
Effect of inelastic coupling on 0 + analog transitions journal February 1976
Systematics of optimum Q values in multinucleon transfer reactions induced by heavy ions journal October 1976
Measurement of the static quadrupole moments of the first 2 + states in Mo 94 , Mo 96 , Mo 98 , and Mo 100 journal September 1976
Low-lying levels of Tc 98 journal July 1977
Identification of Cs 147 and half-life determinations for Cs and Ba isotopes with A = 144 − 147 and Rb and Sr isotopes with A = 96 − 98 journal June 1978
Assignment of a heavy-ion produced high-spin cascade to a Rh isotope journal January 1978
Isomeric transitions in Tc 98 journal July 1978
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Half-life measurements of Rb, Sr, Y, Cs, Ba, La and Ce isotopes with A = 91 − 98 and A = 142 − 149 journal April 1979
Systematic nuclear-structure dependence of analyzing powers for ( p → , t ) reactions on mediummass vibrational nuclei journal January 1979
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Static quadrupole moment of the first 2 + state in Mo 98 journal September 1979
Isotopic dependence of the giant quadrupole resonance in the stable even-mass molybdenum nuclei journal October 1979
Sub-Coulomb proton absorption for isotopes of zirconium and molybdenum journal November 1979
Search for nuclear structure dependence of analyzing powers for the ( t → , p ) reaction in medium mass nuclei journal June 1980
Quadrupole moments of the first excited states of Ru 96 , Ru 98 , Ru 100 , Ru 102 , and Ru 104 journal February 1980
Analyzing power measurements for two-nucleon transfer reactions in a shape transitional nucleus journal July 1980
Hyperfine structure and isotope shift of the D 2 line of Rb 7 6 − 9 8 and some of their isomers journal June 1981
Mo 9 2 , 9 4 , 9 7 , 9 8 ( t , p ) reactions at E t = 17 MeV journal December 1981
Collective and neutron-structure effects in the elastic scattering of vector polarized deuterons in the A = 90 mass region journal July 1981
Marked changes in ( p , t ) analyzing powers for the isotopes of Zr, Mo, Ru, and Pd and strong, sequential, two-step transfer processes in both ( p , t ) and ( t , p ) reactions journal February 1982
Masses of Pd 98 , Pd 99 , and Pd 100 journal January 1982
Proton scattering on A = 92 − 116 nuclei with extended optical models and the interacting boson approximation journal November 1982
Q values for neutron-rich rubidium and lanthanum isotopes journal November 1982
Strong population of excited 0 + states in even Zr isotopes observed with the ( C 14 , O 16 ) reaction journal August 1982
Elastic scattering of 65 MeV polarized protons journal September 1982
Coupled channel effects in the Ru ( d ,   Li 6 ) Mo reaction journal May 1983
Delayed neutron precursors at masses 97-99 and 146-148 journal October 1983
Influence of cross subshell excitations on the collective states of Mo 98 observed by β decay and ( n , n ′ γ ) reaction spectroscopy journal May 1984
Level schemes of Pd 98 and Ru 96 journal September 1984
Rotational structure of highly deformed Y 99 : Decay of Sr 99 journal February 1985
Energy dependence of the absorptive potential for sub-Coulomb energy proton bombardment of zirconium and molybdenum isotopes journal January 1985
Pairing effects and multistep direct and compound emission in the Mo 92 − 100 (p, x n) reactions journal July 1986
Preequilibrium (p,p’) spectra for nuclei around neutron number 50 journal October 1987
High spin states in Tc 98 via the Zr 94 ( 7 Li,3n ) 98 Tc reaction journal December 1987
Absolute gamma intensities in the A = 98 transitional nuclei and shape coexistence in Y 98 journal December 1987
Preequilibrium model analysis of (p,n) reactions on isotopes of Zr and Mo journal August 1987
Non-yrast states in even-even Ru 98 journal February 1988
Study of Charge-Exchange Coupling in Proton-Induced Reactions on Mo 9 5 , 9 8 , 1 0 0 and Zr 9 2 , 9 4 journal October 1971
Proton Inelastic Scattering from the Five Stable, Even-Mass Isotopes of Molybdenum journal September 1971
Magnetic moment of the 2 1 + state in Sr 98 journal August 1989
Systematics of nuclear ground state properties in Sr 78 – 100 by laser spectroscopy journal June 1990
Excitations of 2 1 + and 3 1 − states from ( p , p ’) and electromagnetic measurements journal November 1992
Preequilibrium ( p , p ’) measurements and calculations for Zr 90 and neighboring nuclei for incident energies up to 200 MeV journal February 1994
Decay of Rh 98 journal February 1994
Evolution of deformation in the neutron-rich Zr region from excited intruder state to the ground state journal March 1994
Further Measurements of Gamma Transitions in Spontaneous-Fission Fragments of Cf 252 journal March 1972
Feshbach-Kerman-Koonin model analysis of preequilibrium ( p , p ’) and ( p , n ) reactions at 12 to 26 MeV journal April 1995
Elastic scattering and quasielastic transfer for S 32 + 9 6 , 1 0 0 Mo at E lab =180 MeV journal August 1995
Identification of new nuclei at and beyond the proton drip line near the doubly magic nucleus Sn 100 journal November 1995
Nonstatistical γ emission in − 3 and α-induced reactions journal April 1996
New μ s isomers in T z =1 nuclei produced in the 112 Sn(63 A MeV)+ nat Ni reaction journal March 1997
Electromagnetic properties of the first 2 1 + excited states in 1 0 0 , 1 0 2 , 1 0 4 Ru journal January 1998
Level structures of 9 6 , 9 7 , 9 8 Ru at high angular momentum journal January 1998
Observation of a deformed band in 98 Rh journal February 1998
Microscopic model analyses of the elastic scattering of 65 MeV protons from targets of diverse mass journal October 1998
High-spin states in 9 7 , 9 8 Rh journal December 1998
Rotational bands in 101 – 103 Nb and 9 8 , 1 0 0 Y nuclei and identification of yrast bands in 146 La and 149 Pr journal December 1998
Identification of μs isomers in the fission products of 241 Pu ( n th , f ) journal January 1999
Level Properties of Mo 94 , Mo 98 , and Mo 100 Investigated via Multiple Coulomb Excitation journal October 1972
Terminating bands in 9 8 , 9 9 , 1 0 0 Ru nuclei: New information on the neutron 2 d 5 / 2 and 1 g 7 / 2 energy spacing journal September 2000
β decay of 98 Ag : Evidence for the Gamow-Teller resonance near 100 Sn journal November 2000
g factors of the first 2 + states in the transitional 9 2 , 9 4 , 9 6 , 9 8 , 1 0 0 Mo isotopes and the onset of collectivity journal February 2001
Coulomb-nuclear interference with deuterons: Isospin character of the 2 1 + and 3 1 − excitations in 9 4 , 9 8 Mo journal June 2001
Lifetime of the 21.8-keV state in 98 Tc journal November 2001
A K = 3 two-quasiparticle isomer in 98 Sr journal January 2002
Single hole spectroscopic strength in 98 Ru through the 99 Ru ( d , t ) reaction journal September 2002
Shape coexistence in the odd-odd neutron-rich nucleus Y 98 studied in the interacting boson model journal March 2004
Observation of a core-excited E 4 isomer in Cd 98 journal June 2004
Search for an Excited Rotational Band in Mo 98 with the ( p ,   t ) Reaction journal June 1973
Direct mass measurements of neutron-rich zirconium isotopes up to Zr 104 journal July 2004
Structure of particle-hole nuclei around S 100 n journal September 2004
Breakdown of vibrational structure in Ru 98 journal October 2004
Multifaceted yrast structure and the onset of deformation in Sr 96 , 97 and Zr 98 , 99 journal December 2004
Radiative strength functions in Mo 93 − 98 journal April 2005
Shape coexistence in the very neutron-rich odd-odd Rb 96 journal June 2005
Level densities and thermodynamical quantities of heated Mo 93 − 98 isotopes journal March 2006
Systematics of magnetic dipole strength in the stable even-mass Mo isotopes journal April 2006
High-spin μs isomer in Zr 98 journal December 2006
Octupole collectivity in Mo 98 , 100 , 102 journal January 2007
Abundances for p -process nucleosynthesis journal April 2008
Low-energy tail of the giant dipole resonance in Mo 98 and Mo 100 deduced from photon-scattering experiments journal June 2008
Enhanced electric dipole strength below particle-threshold as a consequence of nuclear deformation journal June 2009
New neutron-rich microsecond isomers observed among fission products of U 238 at 80 MeV/nucleon journal June 2009
Evolution of deformation in the neutron-rich krypton isotopes: The Kr 96 nucleus journal August 2009
Experimental study of the electric dipole strength in the even Mo nuclei and its deformation dependence journal March 2010
Lifetime measurement of excited states in the shape-phase-transitional nucleus Zr 98 journal October 2010
Low-energy structure of the even- A Ru 96 − 104 isotopes via g -factor measurements journal April 2011
Measured g factors and the tidal-wave description of transitional nuclei near A = 100 journal May 2011
Simultaneous deorientation and lifetime measurement in 98 Ru using the recoil distance Doppler shift method in inverse Coulomb excitation journal January 2012
g 9 / 2 nuclei and neutron-proton interaction journal March 2012
β decay of nuclei around 90 Se: Search for signatures of a N = 56 subshell closure relevant to the r process journal March 2012
Penning-trap mass spectrometry of highly charged, neutron-rich Rb and Sr isotopes in the vicinity of A ≈ 100 journal June 2012
Prompt γ spectroscopic studies of fragment nuclei in thermal neutron induced fission of 235 U journal June 2012
β -delayed proton emission in the 100 Sn region journal July 2012
Lifetime measurements and nuclear deformation in the A ≈ 100 region journal July 2012
Neutron pair correlations in A = 100 nuclei involved in neutrinoless double- β decay journal October 2012
Observation of new microsecond isomers among fission products from in-flight fission of 345 MeV/nucleon 238 U journal November 2012
Unexpected characteristics of the isoscalar monopole resonance in theA≈90region: Implications for nuclear incompressibility journal August 2013
Evidence for shape coexistence in 98 Mo journal October 2013
Collective degrees of freedom of neutron-rich A ≈ 100 nuclei and the first mass measurement of the short-lived nuclide 100 Rb journal November 2013
Band structures in doubly odd Rh 98 journal March 2014
Gamow-Teller strength in deformed nuclei within the self-consistent charge-exchange quasiparticle random-phase approximation with the Gogny force journal April 2014
Upper limit on the two-photon emission branch for the 0 2 + → 0 1 + transition in 98 Mo journal June 2014
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β -delayed multiple-neutron emission in the effective density model journal November 2014
Superallowed 0 + → 0 + nuclear β decays: 2014 critical survey, with precise results for V u d and CKM unitarity journal February 2015
β -decay properties of neutron-rich Ge, Se, Kr, Sr, Ru, and Pd isotopes from deformed quasiparticle random-phase approximation journal April 2015
Small suppression of the complete fusion of the Li 6 + Zr 96 system at near-barrier energies journal April 2015
Determination of the direct double- β -decay Q value of Zr 96 and atomic masses of Zr 90 − 92 , 94 , 96 and Mo 92 , 94 − 98 , 100 journal May 2015
Isoscalar E 0 , E 1 , E 2 , and E 3 strength in Mo 92 , 96 , 98 , 100 journal July 2015
Measurement of the Mo 97 ( n , γ ) reaction with the DANCE γ calorimeter array journal July 2015
Cluster-transfer reactions with radioactive beams: A spectroscopic tool for neutron-rich nuclei journal August 2015
Shape coexistence and evolution in Sr 98 journal January 2016
Large-scale evaluation of β -decay rates of r -process nuclei with the inclusion of first-forbidden transitions journal February 2016
Mass measurements of neutron-rich Rb and Sr isotopes journal April 2016
Low-energy Coulomb excitation of Sr 96 , 98 beams journal November 2016
Spectroscopy of Ru 98 journal November 2016
Shape coexistence in the odd-odd nucleus Y 98 : The role of the g 9 / 2 neutron extruder journal October 2017
Experimental study of the lifetime and phase transition in neutron-rich Zr 98 , 100 , 102 journal November 2017
Experimental study of the rearrangements of valence protons and neutrons amongst single-particle orbits during double- β decay in Mo 100 journal November 2017
β decays of the heaviest N = Z − 1 nuclei and proton instability of In 97 journal May 2018
Sub-shell closure and shape coexistence in the transitional nucleus Zr 98 journal October 2018
New and comprehensive β - and β p -decay spectroscopy results in the vicinity of Sn 100 journal March 2019
Structure of 0 + excitations in the mass A ≈ 100 region: 0 2 + bands in Sr 98 and Zr 100 journal June 2019
Production and β Decay of r p -Process Nuclei Cd 96 , In 98 , and Sn 100 journal December 2008
β -Decay Half-Lives of Very Neutron-Rich Kr to Tc Isotopes on the Boundary of the r -Process Path: An Indication of Fast r -Matter Flow journal February 2011
Spectroscopic Quadrupole Moments in Sr 96 , 98 : Evidence for Shape Coexistence in Neutron-Rich Strontium Isotopes at N = 60 journal January 2016
Shape Evolution in Neutron-Rich Krypton Isotopes Beyond N = 60 : First Spectroscopy of Kr 98 , 100 journal June 2017
Evidence for Coexisting Shapes through Lifetime Measurements in Zr 98 journal November 2018
Improved Value for the Gamow-Teller Strength of the Sn 100 Beta Decay journal June 2019
High-Resolution Measurements of the Isotope Shift, Fine-Structure Splitting, and Energy of the K α Muonic X Rays of Mo 96 and Mo 98 journal February 1965
Charge-Exchange Coupling in Mo 98 + p Reactions journal February 1969
Nuclear States of Zr 98 journal March 1969
g 9 2 − d 5 2 Interactions in Nb 96 and Nb 92 journal August 1970
Study of One- and Two-Nucleon Transfer Reactions Induced by O 16 Ions Incident on the Even Zr Isotopes journal May 1971
0 + States in Mo Isotopes from ( p , t ) Reactions and Anomalies in the New Transitional Region journal August 1971
( O 18 , O 16 ) Reaction on Mo Isotopes at Energies above the Coulomb Barrier journal March 1972
Two-Nucleon Transfer with Heavy Ions journal October 1972
Anomalous Behavior of the ( p ,   n ) Analog Reaction on the Molybdenum Isotopes journal September 1974
Isotopic Differences in the Charge Distribution of Even Molybdenum Isotopes from Elastic Electron Scattering journal September 1975
Anomalous Analyzing Powers for Strong ( p pol , t ) Ground-State Transitions and Interference between Direct and ( p , d ) ( d , t ) Sequential Process journal October 1979
Q -Value Systematics for Isovector Giant Resonances Excited by ( p , n ) Reactions on Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, and Pb Isotopes journal December 1980
Beta-Delayed Two-Neutron Emission from Rb 98 journal August 1981
Rotational Structure and Nilsson Orbitals for Highly Deformed Odd- A Nuclei in the A ∼ 100 Region journal September 1983
Solar-Neutrino Detection: Experimental Determination of Gamow-Teller Strengths via the Mo 98 and In 115 ( p ,   n ) Reactions journal May 1985
First Observation of the E 2 Nuclear-Resonance Effect in Antiprotonic Atoms journal June 1986
Nuclear Charge Radii of Sr 7 8 − 1 0 0 by Nonoptical Detection in Fast-Beam Laser Spectroscopy journal June 1988
Spin-Dependent Triaxial Deformation in Neutron-Rich Mo Isotopes journal August 1996
Beta-Decay Half-Lives and Neutron-Emission Probabilities of Very Neutron-Rich Y to Tc Isotopes journal July 1996
C 48 98 d 50 : The Two-Proton-Hole Spectrum in S 50 100 n 50 journal September 1997
Laser Spectroscopy of Cooled Zirconium Fission Fragments journal August 2002
Signature for Vibrational to Rotational Evolution Along the Yrast Line journal April 2003
Decay of 1 + States as a New Probe of the Structure of 0 + Shape Isomers journal August 2005
Thermal neutron capture γ-ray spectrum of molybdenum and ruthenium journal June 1991
Decay studies of N ≈ Z nuclei from 75Sr to 102Sn journal September 2002
Two-quasiparticle bands in neutron-rich nuclei journal April 2003
Pygmy dipole strength close to particle-separation energies --The case of the Mo isotopes journal March 2006
Light-ion-induced reactions in mass measurements of neutron-deficient nuclides close to A = 100 journal March 2009
Penning-trap mass measurements on 92, 94-98, 100Mo with JYFLTRAP journal April 2012
Direct observation of an isomeric state in 98Rb and nuclear properties of exotic rubidium isotopes measured by laser spectroscopy journal February 2015
Shell structure from 100Sn to 78Ni: Implications for nuclear astrophysics journal April 2005
Developments in laser spectroscopy at the Jyväskylä IGISOL journal June 2005
Investigations of short half-life states from SF of 252Cf journal July 2005
Ion manipulation and precision measurements at JYFLTRAP journal August 2005
Search for Shape Coexistence in even – even Stable Molybdenum Isotopes Using Coulomb Excitation Method journal March 2006
Shape Evolution in Heaviest Stable Even-Even Molybdenum Isotopes Studied via Coulomb Excitation journal February 2011
SEARCH FOR TWO-PHONON OCTUPOLE VIBRATIONAL BANDS IN 88, 89, 92, 93, 94, 96 Sr AND 95, 96, 97, 98 Zr journal September 2012
Some New Activities Produced by Fast Neutron Bombardments journal September 1961
Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of Alpha-Particles from Even Mass Molybdenum Isotopes journal August 1972
Inelastic Scattering of Protons from 100 Mo and 98 Mo journal October 1972
Analyzing Powers for ( p , t ) Transitions to the First-Excited 2 + States of Medium-Mass Nuclei and Nuclear Collective Motion journal June 1987
Elastic Scattering of 65 MeV Protons from Several Nuclei between 16 O and 209 Bi journal October 1997
Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a 238 U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon journal July 2010
New isomer in 96 Y marking the onset of deformation at N = 57 journal January 2017
Yrast Bands in Doubly Odd Transitional Nuclei 98 Tc and 100 Rh journal January 1987
On the odd-even staggering of mean-square charge radii in the light krypton and strontium region journal January 1996
Reevaluation of the Emission Probabilities of Delayed, Neutrons from Fission Products journal June 1975
Six-Group Representation of the Energy Spectra of Delayed Neutrons from Fission journal February 1982
Aggregate Delayed Neutron Intensities and Spectra Using Augmented ENDF/B-V Precursor Data journal October 1983
Evaluation of Delayed-Neutron Emission Probabilities journal August 1984
Hauptkomponenten unter den Vorläufern verzögerter Neutronen bei der Spaltung von Uran-235 durch thermische Neutronen journal January 1972
Half-Lives of Technetium 97, 98 journal January 1993
My Heart journal January 1970
$\gamma $ Spectroscopy of Neutron-rich Nuclei with $A\approx 100$ Produced by Cluster Transfer Reactions at REX-ISOLDE journal January 2014
Study of Intermediate-spin States of $^{98}$Y journal January 2016

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