Skip to main content
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Insights into the Structure and Dynamics of Metal–Organic Frameworks via Transmission Electron Microscopy

Journal Article · · Journal of the American Chemical Society
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c08773· OSTI ID:1779735

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid materials composed of metal ions and organic linkers featuring high porosity, crystallinity, and chemical tunability at multiple length scales. Here, a recent advancement in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and its direct application to MOF structure–property relationships have changed how we consider rational MOF design and development. Herein, we provide a perspective on TEM studies of MOFs and highlight the utilization of state-of-the-art TEM technologies to explore dynamic MOF processes and host–guest interactions. Additionally, we provide thoughts on what the future holds for TEM in the study of MOFs.

Research Organization:
Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; National Science Foundation's MRSEC program; Army Research Office
Grant/Contract Number:
FG02-08ER46519
OSTI ID:
1779735
Journal Information:
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the American Chemical Society Journal Issue: 41 Vol. 142; ISSN 0002-7863
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (91)

Stable Metal-Organic Frameworks: Design, Synthesis, and Applications journal February 2018
Nanoparticles of Metal-Organic Frameworks: On the Road to In Vivo Efficacy in Biomedicine journal June 2018
Directing the Structure of Metal–Organic Frameworks by Oriented Surface Growth on an Organic Monolayer journal July 2008
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Breathing MOFs: Structural Transformations of MIL-53(Cr) upon Thermal Activation and CO 2 Adsorption journal October 2008
Automated Diffraction Tomography for the Structure Elucidation of Twinned, Sub-micrometer Crystals of a Highly Porous, Catalytically Active Bismuth Metal-Organic Framework journal September 2012
Defect-Engineered Metal-Organic Frameworks journal June 2015
polyMOFs: A Class of Interconvertible Polymer-Metal-Organic-Framework Hybrid Materials journal April 2015
Supramolecular Metallopolymers: From Linear Materials to Infinite Networks journal October 2018
Atomic Observations of Microporous Materials Highly Unstable under the Electron Beam: The Cases of Ti-Doped AlPO 4 -5 and Zn-MOF-74 journal September 2015
Elucidating Gating Effects for Hydrogen Sorption in MFU-4-Type Triazolate-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Featuring Different Pore Sizes journal January 2011
Hollow Zn/Co Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF) and Yolk-Shell Metal@Zn/Co ZIF Nanostructures journal January 2016
A Porous Cobalt Tetraphosphonate Metal-Organic Framework: Accurate Structure and Guest Molecule Location Determined by Continuous-Rotation Electron Diffraction journal October 2018
Mechanisms of radiation damage in beam-sensitive specimens, for TEM accelerating voltages between 10 and 300 kV journal July 2012
Direct Imaging of ALD Deposited Pt Nanoclusters inside the Giant Pores of MIL-101 journal February 2016
Metal–organic frameworks: A tunable platform to access single-site heterogeneous catalysts journal September 2019
Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks: Promising Materials for Methane Storage journal October 2016
Reticular Chemistry in Action: A Hydrolytically Stable MOF Capturing Twice Its Weight in Adsorbed Water journal January 2018
Applications of direct detection device in transmission electron microscopy journal March 2008
Retrospective on the early development of cryoelectron microscopy of macromolecules and a prospective on opportunities for the future journal September 2008
Cryo-EM Structures of Atomic Surfaces and Host-Guest Chemistry in Metal-Organic Frameworks journal August 2019
Recent advances in gas storage and separation using metal–organic frameworks journal March 2018
Imaging of intact MOF-5 nanocrystals by advanced TEM at liquid nitrogen temperature journal November 2012
Radiation damage in the TEM and SEM journal August 2004
A simple program for fast tilting electron-beam sensitive crystals to zone axes journal April 2020
Four-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (4D-STEM): From Scanning Nanodiffraction to Ptychography and Beyond journal May 2019
Future Porous Materials journal March 2017
Postsynthetic Tuning of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Targeted Applications journal February 2017
Insight and Control of the Crystal Growth of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework ZIF-67 by Atomic Force Microscopy and Mass Spectrometry journal January 2018
Revisiting the Incorporation of Ti(IV) in UiO-type Metal–Organic Frameworks: Metal Exchange versus Grafting and Their Implications on Photocatalysis journal October 2017
Record High Hydrogen Storage Capacity in the Metal–Organic Framework Ni 2 ( m -dobdc) at Near-Ambient Temperatures journal October 2018
Reticular Chemistry 3.2: Typical Minimal Edge-Transitive Derived and Related Nets for the Design and Synthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks journal April 2020
Colloidal Covalent Organic Frameworks journal January 2017
[Ti 8 Zr 2 O 12 (COO) 16 ] Cluster: An Ideal Inorganic Building Unit for Photoactive Metal–Organic Frameworks journal November 2017
In Situ Monitoring of the Seeding and Growth of Silver Metal–Organic Nanotubes by Liquid-Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy journal June 2020
Potential of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Separation of Xenon and Krypton journal December 2014
Nanoscaled M-MOF-74 Materials Prepared at Room Temperature journal April 2014
First Direct Imaging of Giant Pores of the Metal−Organic Framework MIL-101 journal December 2005
Au@ZIFs: Stabilization and Encapsulation of Cavity-Size Matching Gold Clusters inside Functionalized Zeolite Imidazolate Frameworks, ZIFs journal December 2010
Direct Imaging of Loaded Metal−Organic Framework Materials (Metal@MOF-5) journal September 2008
Homochiral Metal–Organic Frameworks for Asymmetric Heterogeneous Catalysis journal September 2011
Different Adsorption Behaviors of Methane and Carbon Dioxide in the Isotypic Nanoporous Metal Terephthalates MIL-53 and MIL-47 journal October 2005
Revelation of the Molecular Assembly of the Nanoporous Metal Organic Framework ZIF-8 journal August 2011
Postsynthetic Ligand and Cation Exchange in Robust Metal–Organic Frameworks journal October 2012
Phase Transitions in Metal–Organic Frameworks Directly Monitored through In Situ Variable Temperature Liquid-Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy and In Situ X-ray Diffraction journal February 2020
Observing the Growth of Metal–Organic Frameworks by in Situ Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy journal June 2015
One-pot Synthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks with Encapsulated Target Molecules and Their Applications for Controlled Drug Delivery journal January 2016
High Methane Storage Working Capacity in Metal–Organic Frameworks with Acrylate Links journal August 2016
The Postsynthetic Renaissance in Porous Solids journal February 2017
Synthetic Modularity of Protein–Metal–Organic Frameworks journal June 2017
Pore Breathing of Metal–Organic Frameworks by Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy journal September 2017
Transmission Electron Microscopy Reveals Deposition of Metal Oxide Coatings onto Metal–Organic Frameworks journal January 2018
Acid-Resistant Mesoporous Metal–Organic Framework toward Oral Insulin Delivery: Protein Encapsulation, Protection, and Release journal April 2018
Direct Imaging of Isolated Single-Molecule Magnets in Metal–Organic Frameworks journal January 2019
Reticular Access to Highly Porous acs -MOFs with Rigid Trigonal Prismatic Linkers for Water Sorption journal February 2019
Interrogating Kinetic versus Thermodynamic Topologies of Metal–Organic Frameworks via Combined Transmission Electron Microscopy and X-ray Diffraction Analysis journal March 2019
Elucidating the Growth of Metal–Organic Nanotubes Combining Isoreticular Synthesis with Liquid-Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy journal May 2019
Direct Imaging of Tunable Crystal Surface Structures of MOF MIL-101 Using High-Resolution Electron Microscopy journal July 2019
Direct Observation of Amorphous Precursor Phases in the Nucleation of Protein–Metal–Organic Frameworks journal January 2020
Stability of Graphene Edges under Electron Beam: Equilibrium Energetics versus Dynamic Effects journal December 2011
Chemically blockable transformation and ultraselective low-pressure gas adsorption in a non-porous metal organic framework journal June 2009
Correlated defect nanoregions in a metal–organic framework journal June 2014
Porous molybdenum carbide nano-octahedrons synthesized via confined carburization in metal-organic frameworks for efficient hydrogen production journal March 2015
Electron tomography and holography in materials science journal April 2009
Porous metal–organic-framework nanoscale carriers as a potential platform for drug delivery and imaging journal December 2009
Surface nano-architecture of a metal–organic framework journal May 2010
Unravelling surface and interfacial structures of a metal–organic framework by transmission electron microscopy journal February 2017
Electron counting and beam-induced motion correction enable near-atomic-resolution single-particle cryo-EM journal May 2013
Packaging and delivering enzymes by amorphous metal-organic frameworks journal November 2019
Imaging defects and their evolution in a metal–organic framework at sub-unit-cell resolution journal May 2019
MOF water harvesters journal May 2020
Kinetic stability of metal–organic frameworks for corrosive and coordinating gas capture journal September 2019
Post-synthetic Ti Exchanged UiO-66 Metal-Organic Frameworks that Deliver Exceptional Gas Permeability in Mixed Matrix Membranes journal January 2015
Applications of metal–organic frameworks in heterogeneous supramolecular catalysis journal January 2014
Metal–organic frameworks for artificial photosynthesis and photocatalysis journal January 2014
Guidance from an in situ hot stage in TEM to synthesize magnetic metal nanoparticles from a MOF journal January 2016
Can 3D electron diffraction provide accurate atomic structures of metal–organic frameworks? journal January 2021
Inside polyMOFs: layered structures in polymer-based metal–organic frameworks journal January 2020
A route to drastic increase of CO2 uptake in Zr metal organic framework UiO-66 journal January 2013
Direct observations of the MOF (UiO-66) structure by transmission electron microscopy journal January 2013
Cryo-protection of protein crystals against radiation damage in electron and X-ray diffraction journal July 1990
Radiolysis to knock-on damage transition in zeolites under electron beam irradiation journal March 2011
Crystallographic Tool Box ( CrysTBox ): automated tools for transmission electron microscopists and crystallographers journal October 2015
Four-Dimensional Electron Microscopy journal April 2010
Large-Pore Apertures in a Series of Metal-Organic Frameworks journal May 2012
The Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks journal August 2013
Weaving of organic threads into a crystalline covalent organic framework journal January 2016
Pore chemistry and size control in hybrid porous materials for acetylene capture from ethylene journal May 2016
A metal-organic framework-based splitter for separating propylene from propane journal July 2016
Atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy of electron beam–sensitive crystalline materials journal January 2018
Balancing volumetric and gravimetric uptake in highly porous materials for clean energy journal April 2020
Electron Microscopy of Biological Materials at the Nanometer Scale journal August 2012