Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity–Stability Relationships in Ru-Based Pyrochlores

Hubert, McKenzie A.; Patel, Anjli M.; Gallo, Alessandro; Liu, Yunzhi; Valle, Eduardo; Ben-Naim, Micha; Sanchez, Joel; Sokaras, Dimosthenis; Sinclair, Robert; Nørskov, Jens K.; King, Laurie A.; Bajdich, Michal; Jaramillo, Thomas F.

doi:10.1021/acscatal.0c02252

Title: Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity–Stability Relationships in Ru-Based Pyrochlores

Journal Article · Mon Oct 05 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · ACS Catalysis

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c02252· OSTI ID:1779727

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^[1]; Valle, Eduardo ^[1];

^[1]; Sanchez, Joel ^[1]; Sokaras, Dimosthenis ^[2]; Sinclair, Robert ^[1];

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Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby (Denmark)
Manchester Metropolitan Univ. (United Kingdom)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Ru-based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts show significant promise for efficient water electrolysis, but rapid degradation poses a major challenge for commercial applications. In this work, we explore several Ru-based pyrochlores (A₂Ru₂O₇, A = Y, Nd, Gd, Bi) as OER catalysts and demonstrate improved activity and stability of catalytic Ru sites relative to RuO₂. Furthermore, we combine complementary experimental and theoretical analysis to understand how the A-site element impacts activity and stability under acidic OER conditions. Among the A₂Ru₂O₇ studied herein, we find that a longer Ru–O bond and a weaker interaction of the Ru 4d and O 2p orbitals compared with RuO₂ results in enhanced initial activity. We observe that the OER activity of the catalysts changes over time and is accompanied by both A-site and Ru dissolution at different relative rates depending on the identity of the A-site. Pourbaix diagrams constructed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal a driving force for this experimentally observed dissolution, indicating that all compositions studied herein are thermodynamically unstable in acidic OER conditions. Theoretical activity predictions show consistent trends between A-site cation leaching and OER activity. These trends coupled with Bader charge analysis suggest that dissolution exposes highly oxidized Ru sites that exhibit enhanced activity. Overall, using the stability number (molO2 evolved/molRu dissolved) as a comparative metric, the A₂Ru₂O₇ materials studied in this work show substantially greater stability than a standard RuO2 and commensurate stability to some Ir mixed metal oxides. Finally, the insights described herein provide a pathway to enhanced Ru catalyst activity and durability, ultimately improving the efficiency of water electrolyzers.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; AC02-05CH11231; DGE-1656518; 9455; ECCS-1542152

OSTI ID:: 1779727

Journal Information:: ACS Catalysis, Vol. 10, Issue 20; ISSN 2155-5435

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
water splitting
oxygen evolution
ruthenium
pyrochlore
theoretical Pourbaix stability
dissolution
activity descriptors

Title: Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity–Stability Relationships in Ru-Based Pyrochlores

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