The Preservation of Climate‐Driven Landslide Dams in Western Oregon

Struble, William T.; Roering, Joshua J.; Burns, William J.; Calhoun, Nancy C.; Wetherell, Logan R.; Black, Bryan A.

doi:10.1029/2020JF005908

The Preservation of Climate‐Driven Landslide Dams in Western Oregon

Journal Article · Sun Apr 18 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JF005908· OSTI ID:1778372

^[1]; ^[2]; Burns, William J. ^[3]; Calhoun, Nancy C. ^[3]; ^[2]; Black, Bryan A. ^[4]

Department of Earth Sciences University of Oregon Eugene OR USA, Department of Geosciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
Department of Earth Sciences University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Portland OR USA
Laboratory of Tree Ring Research University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA

Abstract

Bedrock landsliding, including the formation of landslide dams, is a predominant geomorphic process in steep landscapes. Clarifying the importance of hydrologic and seismic mechanisms for triggering deep‐seated landslides remains an ongoing effort, and formulation of geomorphic metrics that predict dam preservation is crucial for quantifying secondary landslide hazards. Here, we identify >200 landslide‐dammed lakes in western Oregon and utilize dendrochronology and enhanced ¹⁴ C dating (“wiggle matching”) of “ghost forests” to establish slope failure timing at 20 sites. Our dated landslide dataset reveals bedrock landsliding has been common since the last Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake in January 1700 AD. Our study does not reveal landslides that date to 1700 AD. Rather, we observe temporal clustering of at least four landslides in the winter of 1889/1890 AD, coincident with a series of atmospheric rivers that generated one of the largest regionally recorded floods. We use topographic and field analyses to assess the relation between dam preservation and topographic characteristics of the impounded valleys. In contrast to previous studies, we do not observe systematic scaling between dam size and upstream drainage area, though dam stability indices for our sites correspond with “stable” dams elsewhere. Notably, we observe that dams are preferentially preserved at drainage areas of ∼1.5 to 13 km ² and valley widths of ∼25 to 80 m, which may reflect the reduced downstream influence of debris flows and the accumulation of mature conifer trees upstream from landslide‐dammed lake outlets. We suggest that wood accumulation upstream of landslide dams tempers large stream discharges, thus inhibiting dam incision.

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1778372

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 126; ISSN 2169-9003

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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