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Engineering Surface Oxygenated Functionalities on Commercial Carbon toward Ultrafast Sodium Storage in Ether-Based Electrolytes

Journal Article · · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [2];  [4];  [3];  [3];  [2];  [2]
  1. Univ. of Western Ontario, London, ON (Canada); Xi'an Univ. of Technology, Shaanxi (China)
  2. Univ. of Western Ontario, London, ON (Canada)
  3. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  4. Xi'an Univ. of Technology, Shaanxi (China)
+ Show Author Affiliations
The pursuit of a high-capacity anode material has been urgently required for commercializing sodium-ion batteries with a high energy density and an improved working safety. In the absence of thermodynamically stable sodium intercalated compounds with graphite, constructing nanostructures with expanded interlayer distances is still the mainstream option for developing high-performance carbonaceous anodes. In this regard, a surface-functionalized and pore-forming strategy through a facile CO2 thermal etching route was rationally adopted to engineer negligible oxygenated functionalities on commercial carbon for boosting the sodium storage process. Benefitted from the abundant ionic/electronic pathways and more active reaction sites in the microporous structure with noticeable pseudocapacitive behaviors, the functionalized porous carbon could achieve a highly reversible capacity of 505 mA h g-1 at 50 mA g-1, an excellent rate performance of 181 mA h g-1 at 16,000 mA g-1, and an exceptional rate cycle stability of 176 mA h g-1 at 3200 mA g-1 over 1000 cycles. These outstanding electrochemical properties should be ascribed to a synergistic mechanism, fully utilizing the graphitic and amorphous structures for synchronous intercalations of sodium ions and solvated sodium ion compounds, respectively. Finally, the controllable generation and evolution of a robust but thin solid electrolyte interphase film with the emergence of obvious capacitive reactions on the defective surface, favoring the rapid migration of sodium ions and solvated species, also contribute to a remarkable electrochemical performance of this porous carbon black.
Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1777957
Journal Information:
ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Journal Name: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces Journal Issue: 33 Vol. 12; ISSN 1944-8244
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
carbon anode
ether-based electrolyte
oxygenated functionalities
pseudocapacitive behavior
sodium-ion batteries