Study of the Alfven eigenmodes stability in CFQS plasma using a Landau closure model

Varela, J.; Shimizu, A.; Spong, D. A.; Garcia, L.; Ghai, Y.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/abd072

Study of the Alfven eigenmodes stability in CFQS plasma using a Landau closure model

Journal Article · Tue Jan 19 23:00:00 EST 2021 · Nuclear Fusion

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/abd072· OSTI ID:1777704

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[3]

Univ. Carlos III de Madrid (Spain); National Inst. of Natural Science, Toki (Japan). National Inst. for Fusion Science
National Inst. of Natural Science, Toki (Japan). National Inst. for Fusion Science
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. Carlos III de Madrid (Spain)

The aim of this study is to analyze the stability of the Alfven eigenmodes (AE) in the Chinese First Quasi-axisymmetric Stellarator (CFQS). The AE stability is calculated using the code FAR3d that solves the reduced MHD equations to describe the linear evolution of the poloidal flux and the toroidal component of the vorticity in a full 3D system, coupled with equations of density and parallel velocity moment for the energetic particles (EP) species including the effect of the helical couplings and acoustic modes. The Landau damping and resonant destabilization effects are added in the model by a given closure relation. The simulation results indicate the destabilization of n = 1 to 4 AEs by EP during the slowing down process, particularly n = 1 and n = 2 toroidal AEs (TAE), n = 3 elliptical AE (EAE) and n = 4 non circular AE (NAE). If the resonance is caused by EPs with an energy above 17 keV (weakly thermalized EP), n = 2 EAEs and n = 3 NAEs are unstable. On the other hand, EPs with an energy below 17 keV (late thermalization stage) lead to the destabilization of n = 3 and n = 4 TAEs. The simulations for an off-axis NBI injection indicate the further destabilization of n = 2 to 4 AEs although the growth rate of the n = 1 AEs slightly decreases, so no clear optimization trend with respect to the NBI deposition region is identified. In addition, n = 2, 4 helical AE (HAE) are unstable above an EP β threshold. Also, if the thermal β of the simulation increases (higher thermal plasma density) the AE stability of the plasma improves. Overall, the simulations including the effect of the finite Larmor radius and electron-ion Landau damping show the stabilization of the n = 1 to 4 EAE/NAEs as well as a decrease of the growth rate and frequency of the n = 1 to 4 BAE/TAEs.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1777704

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 23129612

Journal Information:: Nuclear Fusion, Journal Name: Nuclear Fusion Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 61; ISSN 0029-5515

Publisher:: IOP ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (53)

Numerical calculations using the full MHD equations in toroidal geometry Charlton, L. A.; Holmes, J. A.; Hicks, H. R. Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 63, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(86)90086-0	journal	March 1986
Compressible linear and nonlinear resistive MHD calculations in toroidal geometry Charlton, L. A.; Holmes, J. A.; Lynch, V. E. Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 86, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(90)90102-7	journal	February 1990
Quasi-helically symmetric toroidal stellarators Nührenberg, J.; Zille, R. Physics Letters A, Vol. 129, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(88)90080-1	journal	May 1988
Design of the quasi-poloidal stellarator experiment (QPS) Nelson, B. E.; Benson, R. D.; Berry, L. A. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 66-68 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(03)00203-5	journal	September 2003
The shear Alfvén continuous spectrum of axisymmetric toroidal equilibria in the large aspect ratio limit Kieras, C. E.; Tataronis, J. A. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 28, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800000386	journal	December 1982
Clustered frequency analysis of shear Alfvén modes in stellarators Spong, D. A.; D’Azevedo, E.; Todo, Y. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3313818	journal	February 2010
Omnigenity as generalized quasisymmetry Landreman, Matt; Catto, Peter J. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3693187	journal	May 2012
Gyrokinetic simulation of global and local Alfvén eigenmodes driven by energetic particles in a DIII-D discharge Bass, E. M.; Waltz, R. E. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4773177	journal	January 2013
Properties of toroidal Alfvén eigenmode in DIII-D plasma Wang, Zhixuan; Lin, Zhihong; Deng, Wenjun Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4908274	journal	February 2015
Numerical analysis on the characteristics of particle orbits in quasi-axisymmetric stellarator Su, C. Y.; Chen, S. Y.; Liu, H. F. AIP Advances, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5124452	journal	January 2020
Bootstrap current control in stellarators Shaing, K. C.; Carreras, B. A.; Dominguez, N. Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, Vol. 1, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.858945	journal	August 1989
Ellipticity induced Alfvén eigenmodes Betti, R.; Freidberg, J. P. Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, Vol. 3, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.859655	journal	August 1991
Stability of Alfvén gap modes in burning plasmas Betti, R.; Freidberg, J. P. Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.860057	journal	June 1992
A numerical study of the high‐ n shear Alfvén spectrum gap and the high‐ n gap mode Chu, M. S.; Greene, J. M.; Lao, L. L. Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.860327	journal	November 1992
Alpha‐Alfvén local dispersion relation and solutions Hedrick, C. L.; Leboeuf, J. ‐N.; Spong, D. A. Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.860344	journal	December 1992
Linearized gyrofluid model of the alpha‐destabilized toroidal Alfvén eigenmode with continuum damping effects Spong, D. A.; Carreras, B. A.; Hedrick, C. L. Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.860386	journal	October 1992
Global Alfvén modes: Theory and experiment* Turnbull, A. D.; Strait, E. J.; Heidbrink, W. W. Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.860742	journal	July 1993
Establishment of magnetic coordinates for a given magnetic field Boozer, Allen H. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 25, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.863765	journal	January 1982
Steepest-descent moment method for three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equilibria Hirshman, S. P. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 26, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.864116	journal	January 1983
Low-n shear Alfvén spectra in axisymmetric toroidal plasmas Cheng, C. Z.; Chance, M. S. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 29, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.865801	journal	January 1986
An investigation of beam driven Alfvén instabilities in the DIII-D tokamak Heidbrink, W. W.; Strait, E. J.; Doyle, E. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 31, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/31/9/002	journal	September 1991
Loss of energetic beam ions during TAE instabilities Duong, H. H.; Heidbrink, W. W.; Strait, E. J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 33, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/33/5/I06	journal	May 1993
Loss of energetic beam ions during TAE instabilities Duong, H. H.; Heidbrink, W. W.; Strait, E. J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 33, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/33/5/i06	journal	May 1993
Characteristics of Alfvén eigenmodes, burst modes and chirping modes in the Alfvén frequency range driven by negative ion based neutral beam injection in JT-60U Kusama, Y.; Kramer, G. J.; Kimura, H. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 39, Issue 11Y https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/324	journal	November 1999
Stability of alpha particle driven Alfvén eigenmodes in high performance JET DT plasmas Sharapov, S. E.; Borba, D.; Fasoli, A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 39, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/39/3/307	journal	March 1999
Recent progress of Alfvén eigenmode experiments using N-NB in JT-60U tokamak Shinohara, K.; Takechi, M.; Ishikawa, M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 42, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/42/8/302	journal	August 2002
Internal measurements of Alfvén eigenmodes with heavy ion beam probing in toroidal plasmas Melnikov, A. V.; Eliseev, L. G.; Jiménez-Gómez, R. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 50, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/50/8/084023	journal	July 2010
Alfvén eigenmodes measured in the TJ-II stellarator Jiménez-Gómez, R.; Könies, A.; Ascasíbar, E. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/51/3/033001	journal	February 2011
Alfvén eigenmode properties and dynamics in the TJ-II stellarator Melnikov, A. V.; Eliseev, L. G.; Ascasibar, E. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/52/12/123004	journal	November 2012
Simulation of Alfvén frequency cascade modes in reversed shear-discharges using a Landau-closure model Spong, D. A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/5/053008	journal	April 2013
Mitigation of NBI-driven Alfvén eigenmodes by electron cyclotron heating in the TJ-II stellarator Nagaoka, K.; Ido, T.; Ascasíbar, E. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/7/072004	journal	July 2013
Mode coupling in a toroidal sharp-boundary plasma. I. Weak-coupling limit D'Ippolito, D. A. Plasma Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0032-1028/22/12/006	journal	December 1980
Physics of the compact advanced stellarator NCSX Zarnstorff, M. C.; Berry, L. A.; Brooks, A. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 43, Issue 12A https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/43/12A/318	journal	November 2001
Analysis of Alfvén eigenmode destabilization by energetic particles in Large Helical Device using a Landau-closure model Varela, J.; Spong, D. A.; Garcia, L. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa5d04	journal	March 2017
Analysis of Alfven eigenmodes destabilization by energetic particles in TJ-II using a Landau-closure model Varela, J.; Spong, D. A.; Garcia, L. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa83c4	journal	September 2017
Analysis of Alfven eigenmode destabilization in DIII-D high poloidal β discharges using a Landau closure model Varela, J.; Spong, D. A.; Garcia, L. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aac33f	journal	June 2018
Subdominant modes and optimization trends of DIII-D reverse magnetic shear configurations Varela, J.; Spong, D. A.; Murakami, M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab0052	journal	February 2019
Verification and validation of integrated simulation of energetic particles in fusion plasmas Taimourzadeh, S.; Bass, E. M.; Chen, Y. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab0c38	journal	April 2019
Analysis of Alfven eigenmode destabilization in ITER using a Landau closure model Varela, J.; Spong, D. A.; Garcia, L. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab1ebe	journal	June 2019
Effect of the tangential NBI current drive on the stability of pressure and energetic particle driven MHD modes in LHD plasma Varela, J.; Cooper, W. A.; Nagaoka, K. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab60cf	journal	January 2020
Modeling of the ECCD injection effect on the Heliotron J and LHD plasma stability Varela, J.; Nagasaki, K.; Nagaoka, K. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/abad84	journal	September 2020
Excitation of toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes in TFTR Wong, K. L.; Fonck, R. J.; Paul, S. F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 66, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.1874	journal	April 1991
Observation of Helicity-Induced Alfvén Eigenmodes in Large-Helical-Device Plasmas Heated by Neutral-Beam Injection Yamamoto, S.; Toi, K.; Nakajima, N. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.245001	journal	December 2003
Neutral beam driven global Alfvén eigenmodes in the Wendelstein W7-AS stellarator Weller, A.; Spong, D. A.; Jaenicke, R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 72, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.72.1220	journal	February 1994
Noncircular Triangularity and Ellipticity-Induced Alfvén Eigenmodes Observed in JT-60U Kramer, G. J.; Saigusa, M.; Ozeki, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 80, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.80.2594	journal	March 1998
New Alfvén Continuum Gaps and Global Modes Induced by Toroidal Flow van der Holst, B.; Beliën, A. J. C.; Goedbloed, J. P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 84, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.84.2865	journal	March 2000
Local axisymmetry-breaking–induced transition of trapped-particle orbit and loss channels in quasi-axisymmetric stellarators Yang, Lang; Liu, Haifeng; Shimizu, Akihiro EPL (Europhysics Letters), Vol. 129, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/129/35001	journal	February 2020
Configuration Property of the Chinese First Quasi-Axisymmetric Stellarator Shimizu, Akihiro; Liu, Haifeng; Isobe, Mitsutaka Plasma and Fusion Research, Vol. 13, Issue 0 https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.13.3403123	journal	January 2018
Magnetic Configuration and Modular Coil Design for the Chinese First Quasi-Axisymmetric Stellarator Liu, Haifeng; Shimizu, Akihiro; Isobe, Mitsutaka Plasma and Fusion Research, Vol. 13, Issue 0 https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.13.3405067	journal	January 2018
Feasibility Study of Neutral Beam Injection on Chinese First Quasi-Axisymmetric Stellarator (CFQS) Ogawa, Kunihiro; Seki, Ryosuke; Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Plasma and Fusion Research, Vol. 14, Issue 0 https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.14.3402067	journal	January 2019
Current Status of NIFS-SWJTU Joint Project for Quasi-Axisymmetric Stellarator CFQS Isobe, Mitsutaka; Shimizu, Akihiro; Liu, Haifeng Plasma and Fusion Research, Vol. 14, Issue 0 https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.14.3402074	journal	January 2019
Consideration of the Influence of Coil Misalignment on the Chinese First Quasi-Axisymmetric Stellarator Magnetic Configuration Shimizu, Akihiro; Liu, Haifeng; Kinoshita, Shigeyoshi Plasma and Fusion Research, Vol. 14, Issue 0 https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.14.3403151	journal	January 2019
Engineering Design of the Chinese First Quasi-Axisymmetric Stellarator (CFQS) Kinoshita, Shigeyoshi; Shimizu, Akihiro; Okamura, Shoichi Plasma and Fusion Research, Vol. 14, Issue 0 https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.14.3405097	journal	January 2019