Temporally and spatially resolved X-ray densitometry in a shock tube

Shaik, R. A.; Kastengren, A. L.; Tranter, R. S.; Lynch, P. T.

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.09.035

Temporally and spatially resolved X-ray densitometry in a shock tube

Journal Article · Sat Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Combustion and Flame

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.09.035· OSTI ID:1776718

^[1]; Kastengren, A. L. ^[2]; Tranter, R. S. ^[3]; Lynch, P. T. ^[1]

Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, IL (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)

Gas densities were measured by x-ray absorption spectroscopy to examine spatial inhomogeneity in density behind incident and reflected shock waves in a miniature (12.7 mm bore) high repetition rate shock tube. Shock waves were generated in argon. The pressure and temperature behind the incident shock were P₂ ~ 1.72 bar and T₂ ~ 800 K, while those behind the reflected shock were P₅ ~ 6.5 bar and T₅ ~ 1480 K. Time-resolved line-of-sight transmission measurements using x-rays at 9 keV photon energy were made along various axial and transverse locations covering the entire shock tube cross section. The x-ray transmission at each location was converted to pathlength-integrated densities, which in some conditions could be further converted to pathlength-averaged densities. The measured gas densities were compared with those calculated by the normal shock wave relations, and good agreement was found in the preshock and immediately behind the incident shock regions. Similar agreement was found for reflected shock conditions very near the endwall. However, increasingly large differences between the measured and calculated gas densities were found as distance from the endwall increased. Furthermore, reconstruction by Abel inversion allowed time and radially resolved densities to be obtained from the transverse measurements. While the profiles measured in this experiment are of insufficient signal-to noise level and resolution to definitively assign boundary layer thicknesses, future improvements may be able to do this. The radially resolved densities reveal growing sidewall thermal boundary layers in gases behind the reflected shock. These reconstructions were compared with a model of the thermal boundary layer and are consistent with values of the thermal boundary layer thickness being between 0.25 mm and 1 mm at 0.7 ms after shock reflection.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1776718

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1775669

Journal Information:: Combustion and Flame, Journal Name: Combustion and Flame Vol. 224; ISSN 0010-2180

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (32)

Real Gas Corrections in Shock Tube Studies at High Pressures Davidson, David F.; Hanson, Ronald K. Israel Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 36, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/ijch.199600044	journal	January 1996
Interpreting shock tube ignition data Davidson, D. F.; Hanson, R. K. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, Vol. 36, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/kin.20024	journal	January 2004
Chemical kinetic simulations behind reflected shock waves Tang, Weiyong; Brezinsky, Kenneth International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, Vol. 38, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/kin.20134	journal	January 2005
Chemical-kinetic modeling of ignition delay: Considerations in interpreting shock tube data Chaos, Marcos; Dryer, Frederick L. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, Vol. 42, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/kin.20471	journal	March 2010
On the Interpretation and Correlation of High-Temperature Ignition Delays in Reactors with Varying Thermodynamic Conditions: INTERPRETATION AND CORRELATION OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE IGNITION DELAYS Tao, Mingyuan; Laich, Andrew; Lynch, Patrick International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, Vol. 50, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/kin.21170	journal	April 2018
X-Ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92 Henke, B. L.; Gullikson, E. M.; Davis, J. C. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, Vol. 54, Issue 2, p. 181-342 https://doi.org/10.1006/adnd.1993.1013	journal	July 1993
Nonideal effects behind reflected shock waves in a high-pressure shock tube Petersen, Eric L.; Hanson, Ronald K. Shock Waves, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00004051	journal	January 2001
Measurement of Reflected-shock Bifurcation Over a Wide Range of Gas Composition and Pressure Petersen, E. L.; Hanson, R. K. Shock Waves, Vol. 15, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-006-0032-3	journal	June 2006
Recent advances in shock tube/laser diagnostic methods for improved chemical kinetics measurements Davidson, David F.; Hanson, R. K. Shock Waves, Vol. 19, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-009-0203-0	journal	May 2009
The use of driver inserts to reduce non-ideal pressure variations behind reflected shock waves Hong, Zekai; Pang, Genny A.; Vasu, Subith S. Shock Waves, Vol. 19, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-009-0205-y	journal	May 2009
Contact surface tailoring condition for shock tubes with different driver and driven section diameters Hong, Zekai; Davidson, David F.; Hanson, Ronald K. Shock Waves, Vol. 19, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-009-0212-z	journal	June 2009
Shock tube ignition measurements of iso-octane/air and toluene/air at high pressures Davidson, D. F.; Gauthier, B. M.; Hanson, R. K. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 30, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.004	journal	January 2005
Shock tube ignition delay time measurements in propane/O2/argon mixtures at near-constant-volume conditions Lam, K. -Y.; Hong, Z.; Davidson, D. F. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 33, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.131	journal	January 2011
Chemical thermometry in miniature HRRST using 1,1,1-trifluoroethane dissociation Lynch, Patrick T.; Wang, Guanyu Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 36, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2016.05.057	journal	January 2017
Flow in shock tubes with area change at the diaphragm section Alpher, R. A.; White, D. R. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 3, Issue 05 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112058000124	journal	February 1958
Probing Combustion Chemistry in a Miniature Shock Tube with Synchrotron VUV Photo Ionization Mass Spectrometry Lynch, Patrick T.; Troy, Tyler P.; Ahmed, Musahid Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 87, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac5041633	journal	January 2015
An experimental and theoretical study of the high temperature reactions of the four butyl radical isomers Randazzo, John B.; Sivaramakrishnan, Raghu; Jasper, Ahren W. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0CP02404J	journal	January 2020
Design of a high-pressure single pulse shock tube for chemical kinetic investigations Tranter, R. S.; Brezinsky, K.; Fulle, D. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 72, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1379963	journal	July 2001
Boundary Layer Effects on Chemical Kinetics Studies in a Shock Tube Lifshitz, Assa; Bar‐Nun, Akiva; de Boer, P. C. T. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 53, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1674448	journal	October 1970
Influence of Reflected Shock and Boundary-Layer Interaction on Shock-Tube Flows Davies, L. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1692625	journal	January 1969
Limitations of the Reflected Shock Technique for Studying Fast Chemical Reactions and Its Application to the Observation of Relaxation in Nitrogen and Oxygen Strehlow, Roger A.; Cohen, Arthur The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 30, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1729883	journal	January 1959
Density Variation due to Reflected Shock-Boundary-Layer Interaction Dyner, Harry B. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1761788	journal	January 1966
A miniature high repetition rate shock tube Tranter, R. S.; Lynch, P. T. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 84, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4820917	journal	September 2013
Note: An improved solenoid driver valve for miniature shock tubes Lynch, P. T. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953115	journal	May 2016
Application of Abel inversion in real-time calculations for circularly and elliptically symmetric radiation sources Cho, Y. T.; Na, S-J Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 16, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/16/3/032	journal	February 2005
Abel inversion of asymmetric plasma density profile at Aditya tokamak Joshi, N. Y.; Atrey, P. K.; Pathak, S. K. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 208 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/208/1/012129	journal	February 2010
Shock Tube Techniques in Chemical Kinetics Tsang, W.; Lifshitz, A. Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 41, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pc.41.100190.003015	journal	October 1990
Thermal Boundary Layer Effects on Line-of-Sight Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) Gas Concentration Measurements Qu, Zhechao; Werhahn, Olav; Ebert, Volker Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 72, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1177/0003702817752112	journal	January 2018
The Interaction of a Reflected Shock Wave with the Boundary Layer in a Shock Tube Matsuo, Kazuyasu; Kawagoe, Shigetoshi; Kage, Kazuyuki Bulletin of JSME, Vol. 17, Issue 110 https://doi.org/10.1299/jsme1958.17.1039	journal	January 1974
Physical optics of the laser-schlieren shock tube technique Kiefer, J. H.; Al-Alami, M. Z.; Hajduk, J-C. Applied Optics, Vol. 20, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.20.000221	journal	January 1981
One-dimensional tomography: a comparison of Abel, onion-peeling, and filtered backprojection methods Dasch, Cameron J. Applied Optics, Vol. 31, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.31.001146	journal	January 1992
Optical Temperature Measurements in Shock Tubes from Relative Emission Intensities Watson, Ronald Applied Optics, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.5.000215	journal	January 1966

Similar Records

X-ray measurements of shock-induced mixing at an air/xenon interface

Thesis/Dissertation · Tue Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 1991 · OSTI ID:7264517

EFFECT OF BOUNDARY-LAYER GROWTH IN A SHOCK TUBE ON SHOCK REFLECTION FROM A CLOSED END

Journal Article · Thu Nov 30 23:00:00 EST 1961 · Physics of Fluids (U.S.) · OSTI ID:4818179

Electron number density measurement by ruby laser interferometry

Conference · Fri Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 1976 · OSTI ID:7294092

Related Subjects

42 ENGINEERING
Abel inversion
Boundary layer
Shock tube
Shock waves
Tomographic reconstruction
X-ray absorption

Temporally and spatially resolved X-ray densitometry in a shock tube

Citation Formats

References (32)

Similar Records

Related Subjects