Investigating high-energy proton-induced reactions on spherical nuclei: Implications for the preequilibrium exciton model

Fox, Morgan B.; Voyles, Andrew S.; Morrell, Jonathan T.; Bernstein, Lee A.; Lewis, Amanda M.; Koning, Arjan J.; Batchelder, Jon C.; Birnbaum, Eva R.; Cutler, Cathy S.; Medvedev, Dmitri G.; Nortier, Francois M.; O'Brien, Ellen M.; Vermeulen, Christiaan

doi:10.1103/physrevc.103.034601

Investigating high-energy proton-induced reactions on spherical nuclei: Implications for the preequilibrium exciton model

Journal Article · Mon Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Physical Review. C

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.103.034601· OSTI ID:1771968

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[1]; ^[3]; Batchelder, Jon C. ^[1]; ^[4]; Cutler, Cathy S. ^[5]; ^[5]; ^[4]; ^[4]; ^[4]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

A number of accelerator-based isotope production facilities utilize $100-200$ MeV proton beams due to the high production rates enabled by high-intensity beam capabilities and the greater diversity of isotope production brought on by the long range of high-energy protons. However, nuclear reaction modeling at these energies can be challenging because of the interplay between different reaction modes and a lack of existing guiding cross section data. A Tri-lab collaboration has been formed between the Lawrence Berkeley, Los Alamos, and Brookhaven National Laboratories to address these complexities by characterizing charged-particle nuclear reactions relevant to the production of established and novel radioisotopes. In the inaugural collaboration experiments, stacked-targets of niobium foils were irradiated at the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer ($$E_p=200$$ MeV) and the Los Alamos Isotope Production Facility ($$E_p=100$$ MeV) to measure $$^{93}$$Nb(p,x) cross sections between $50-200$ MeV. The results were compared with literature data as well as the default calculations of the nuclear model codes TALYS, CoH, EMPIRE, and ALICE. The default code predictions largely failed to reproduce the measurements. Therefore, we developed a standardized procedure, which determines the reaction model parameters that best reproduce the most prominent reaction channels in a physically justifiable manner. Overall, the primary focus of the procedure was to determine the best parameterization for the pre-equilibrium two-component exciton model. This modeling study revealed a trend towards a relative decrease for internal transition rates at intermediate proton energies ($$E_p=20-60$$ MeV) in the current exciton model as compared to the default values. The results of this work are instrumental for the planning, execution, and analysis essential to isotope production.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP) (SC-26)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; AC02-05CH11231; SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1771968

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1776767
OSTI ID: 1777444

Report Number(s):: BNL--221248-2021-JAAM; LA-UR--20-28162; ark:/13030/qt8782g6k2

Journal Information:: Physical Review. C, Journal Name: Physical Review. C Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 103; ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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