A review of functions, attributes, properties and measurements for the quality control of proton exchange membrane fuel cell components

Yuan, Xiao-Zi; Nayoze-Coynel, Christine; Shaigan, Nima; Fisher, David; Zhao, Nana; Zamel, Nada; Gazdzicki, Pawel; Ulsh, Michael; Friedrich, Kaspar Andreas; Girard, Francois; Groos, Ulf

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229540

A review of functions, attributes, properties and measurements for the quality control of proton exchange membrane fuel cell components

Journal Article · Fri Feb 12 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Journal of Power Sources

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229540· OSTI ID:1769832

^[1]; ^[2]; Shaigan, Nima ^[1]; ^[3]; Zhao, Nana ^[1]; Zamel, Nada ^[4]; Gazdzicki, Pawel ^[5]; ^[6]; ^[5]; Girard, Francois ^[1]; Groos, Ulf ^[4]

National Research Council Canada, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Grenoble (France)
ElringKlinger AG, Dettingen (Germany)
Fraunhofer Inst. for Solar Energy Systems, Heidenhofstr (Germany)
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Stuttgard (Germany)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Quality control (QC) is an essential part of fuel cell technology industrialization, providing means to reduce cost of components, enhancing the reliability of the final product, and offering specification guidance for new entrants in the supply chain. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA), including membrane, catalyst layer (CL), and gas diffusion layer (GDL), as well as bipolar plate (BP), are key components of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, and the attributes of each component strongly correlate with the cell performance and longevity. To ensure the quality of the fuel cell, it is of great importance to characterize the properties with respect to the standardization of component/sub-component specifications. In collaboration with the fuel cell industry, this work aims at establishing compendiums of attributes, or so-called books of attributes, of key fuel cell components for the QC of PEM fuel cells through reviewing, identifying, categorizing, and prioritizing the main attributes/properties that determine their functionalities. The books of attributes for the major PEM fuel cell components include catalyst coated membrane (CCM) as a sub-assembly, GDL, and BP. To address the full spectrum of fuel cell components, gaskets and sub-gaskets are also included.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office (EE-3F)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1769832

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5900-79143; MainId:33369; UUID:82a4fd27-a136-48e4-87ed-8c129a4d79c3; MainAdminID:19785

Journal Information:: Journal of Power Sources, Journal Name: Journal of Power Sources Vol. 491; ISSN 0378-7753

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Advanced Water Management in PEFCs: Diffusion Layers with Patterned Wettability: I. Synthetic Routes, Wettability Tuning and Thermal Stability Forner-Cuenca, Antoni; Manzi-Orezzoli, Victoria; Biesdorf, Johannes Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0271608jes	journal	January 2016
Correlation of Changes in Electrochemical and Structural Parameters due to Voltage Cycling Induced Degradation in PEM Fuel Cells Kneer, Alexander; Jankovic, Jasna; Susac, Darija Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0271806jes	journal	January 2018
Advanced Water Management in PEFCs: Diffusion Layers with Patterned Wettability: II. Measurement of Capillary Pressure Characteristic with Neutron and Synchrotron Imaging Forner-Cuenca, A.; Biesdorf, J.; Lamibrac, A. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0511609jes	journal	January 2016
Influence of the Distribution of Platinum Deposits on the Properties and Degradation of Platinum-Impregnated Nafion Membranes Helmly, Stefan; Ohnmacht, Benjamin; Gazdzicki, Pawel Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 161, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0531414jes	journal	January 2014
Spatially Resolved Contact Pressure and Contact Resistance Measurements at the Gas Diffusion Layer: A Tool for PEM Fuel Cell Development Butsch, Hanno; Roth, Christina; Ritzinger, Dietrich Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 159, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.054206jes	journal	January 2012
Influence of the Gas Diffusion Layer Compression on the Oxygen Transport in PEM Fuel Cells at High Water Saturation Levels Simon, Christoph; Hasché, Frédéric; Gasteiger, Hubert A. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0691706jes	journal	January 2017
Impact of Hydrophobic Coating on Mass Transport Losses in PEFCs Biesdorf, J.; Forner-Cuenca, A.; Schmidt, T. J. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 162, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0861510jes	journal	January 2015
Characterization of PEMFC Gas Diffusion Layer Porosity Rashapov, Rinat R.; Unno, Jonathan; Gostick, Jeff T. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 162, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0921506jes	journal	January 2015
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Ink Dispersion Stability for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Applications Shukla, S.; Bhattacharjee, S.; Weber, A. Z. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0961706jes	journal	January 2017
Multianalytical Study of the PTFE Content Local Variation of the PEMFC Gas Diffusion Layer Reshetenko, Tatyana V.; St-Pierre, Jean; Artyushkova, Kateryna Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 160, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.104311jes	journal	January 2013
Statistical Analysis of Isothermal Cold Starts of PEFCs: Impact of Gas Diffusion Layer Properties Biesdorf, Johannes; Forner-Cuenca, A.; Siegwart, M. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1071610jes	journal	January 2016
Microstructural Analysis and Transport Resistances of Low-Platinum-Loaded PEFC Electrodes Cetinbas, Firat C.; Wang, Xiaohua; Ahluwalia, Rajesh K. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1111714jes	journal	January 2017
Interaction of Pore Size and Hydrophobicity/Hydrophilicity for Improved Oxygen and Water Transport through Microporous Layers Simon, Christoph; Endres, Joseph; Nefzger-Loders, Benjamin Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1111913jes	journal	January 2019
Impact of Microporous Layer Pore Properties on Liquid Water Transport in PEM Fuel Cells: Carbon Black Type and Perforation Simon, Christoph; Kartouzian, Dena; Müller, David Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1321714jes	journal	January 2017
Measuring In Situ Interfacial Contact Resistance in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Lædre, Sigrid; Kongstein, Ole Edvard; Oedegaard, Anders Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1511912jes	journal	January 2019
Nafion ^® Membranes: Molecular Diffusion, Proton Conductivity and Proton Conduction Mechanism Kreuer, Klaus-Dieter; Dippel, Thomas; Meyer, Wolfgang MRS Proceedings, Vol. 293 https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-293-273	journal	January 1992
A Novel Method for Humidity-Dependent Through-Plane Impedance Measurement for Proton Conducting Polymer Membranes Heimerdinger, Patrick; Rosin, Andreas; Danzer, Michael A. Membranes, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes9050062	journal	May 2019
Degradation of Silicone Rubbers as Sealing Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells under Temperature Cycling Wu, Fan; Chen, Ben; Yan, Yizhi Polymers, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10050522	journal	May 2018
Measurements of GDL Properties for Quality Control in Fuel Cell Mass Production Line Yuan, Xiao-Zi; Li, Hui; Gu, Elton World Electric Vehicle Journal, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj8020422	journal	June 2016

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