Quantifying the flow efficiency in constant-current capacitive deionization

Hawks, Steven A.; Knipe, Jennifer M.; Campbell, Patrick G.; Loeb, Colin K.; Hubert, McKenzie A.; Santiago, Juan G.; Stadermann, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.025

Title: Quantifying the flow efficiency in constant-current capacitive deionization

Journal Article · Sat Nov 11 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Water Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.025· OSTI ID:1769171

^[1]; Knipe, Jennifer M. ^[1]; Campbell, Patrick G. ^[1]; Loeb, Colin K. ^[1];

^[1]; Santiago, Juan G. ^[2]; Stadermann, Michael ^[1]

Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

In this work, we detail a previously unappreciated loss mechanism inherent to capacitive deionization (CDI) cycling operation that has a substantial role determining performance. This mechanism reflects the fact that desalinated water inside a cell is partially lost to re-salination if desorption is carried out immediately after adsorption. We describe such effects by a parameter called the flow efficiency, and show that this efficiency is distinct from and yet multiplicative with other highly-studied adsorption efficiencies. Flow losses can be minimized by flowing more feed solution through the cell during desalination; however, this also results in less effluent concentration reduction. While the rationale outlined here is applicable to all CDI cell architectures that rely on cycling, we validate our model with a flow-through electrode CDI device operated in constant-current mode. We find excellent agreement between flow efficiency model predictions and experimental results, thus giving researchers simple equations by which they can estimate this distinct loss process for their operation.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; 15-ERD-068

OSTI ID:: 1769171

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1549028

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-732624; 884206

Journal Information:: Water Research, Vol. 129, Issue na; ISSN 0043-1354

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 59 works

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Title: Quantifying the flow efficiency in constant-current capacitive deionization

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