Molten Lithium-Brass/Zinc Chloride System as High-Performance and Low-Cost Battery

Liu, Kai; Lang, Jialiang; Yang, Minzheng; Xu, Jing; Sun, Bin; Wu, Yulong; Wang, Kuangyu; Zheng, Zhikun; Huang, Zeya; Wang, Chang-an; Wu, Hui; Jin, Yang; Cui, Yi

doi:10.1016/j.matt.2020.08.022

Molten Lithium-Brass/Zinc Chloride System as High-Performance and Low-Cost Battery

Journal Article · Tue Sep 15 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Matter (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2020.08.022· OSTI ID:1768892

Liu, Kai ^[1]; Lang, Jialiang ^[1]; Yang, Minzheng ^[1]; Xu, Jing ^[2]; Sun, Bin ^[2]; Wu, Yulong ^[1]; ^[1]; Zheng, Zhikun ^[2]; Huang, Zeya ^[1]; Wang, Chang-an ^[1]; Wu, Hui ^[1]; Jin, Yang ^[2]; Cui, Yi ^[3]

Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China)
Zhengzhou Univ. (China)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science (SIMES)

Batteries with high safety, low cost, and reasonable energy density are essential for grid-scale energy storage and still remain elusive. In this paper, we report a solid electrolyte-based liquid lithium-brass/zinc chloride (SELL-brass/ZnCl₂) battery using garnet-type lithium-ion solid electrolyte, lithium anode, and brass/ZnCl₂ cathode. The chemistry of the cell reaction and the ability of being assembled in discharged state ensures a high safety. The use of low-cost ZnCl₂ cathode can realize a low cell material cost of $16 kWh^–1. The adoption of lithium anode guarantees a high theoretical energy density of 750 Wh kg^–1 and 2,250 Wh L^–1. Moreover, by using brass powder as a Zn source in the cathode, the Zn particle growth issue is successfully solved, and a good cycling stability of the battery can be obtained. As full cell performance and scalability are also verified, our SELL-brass/ZnCl₂ battery shows a high potential for practical use in grid energy storage.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1768892

Journal Information:: Matter (Online), Journal Name: Matter (Online) Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 3; ISSN 2590-2385

Publisher:: Cell Press/ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (24)

An Advanced Na-FeCl ₂ ZEBRA Battery for Stationary Energy Storage Application Li, Guosheng; Lu, Xiaochuan; Kim, Jin Y. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201500357	journal	April 2015
Liquid Metal Electrodes for Energy Storage Batteries Li, Haomiao; Yin, Huayi; Wang, Kangli Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201600483	journal	May 2016
Sodiummetal chloride battery research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Ratnakumar, B. V.; Attia, A. I.; Halpert, G. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 36, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(91)87014-3	journal	December 1991
The sodium/nickel chloride (ZEBRA) battery Sudworth, J. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 100, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00891-6	journal	November 2001
Smart grids, renewable energy integration, and climate change mitigation – Future electric energy systems Wang, Jianhui; Conejo, Antonio J.; Wang, Chengshan Applied Energy, Vol. 96 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.03.014	journal	August 2012
Overview of current development in electrical energy storage technologies and the application potential in power system operation Luo, Xing; Wang, Jihong; Dooner, Mark Applied Energy, Vol. 137 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.09.081	journal	January 2015
Grid-scale energy storage applications in renewable energy integration: A survey Castillo, Anya; Gayme, Dennice F. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 87 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.07.063	journal	November 2014
High-Energy-Density Solid-Electrolyte-Based Liquid Li-S and Li-Se Batteries Jin, Yang; Liu, Kai; Lang, Jialiang Joule, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.09.003	journal	January 2020
Advances in ZEBRA batteries Dustmann, Cord-H Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 127, Issue 1-2, p. 85-92 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.09.039	journal	March 2004
Advanced materials for sodium-beta alumina batteries: Status, challenges and perspectives Lu, Xiaochuan; Xia, Guanguang; Lemmon, John P. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 195, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.11.120	journal	May 2010
Excess lithium salt functions more than compensating for lithium loss when synthesizing Li6.5La3Ta0.5Zr1.5O12 in alumina crucible Liu, Kai; Ma, Jiang-Tao; Wang, Chang-An Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 260 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.02.065	journal	August 2014
Energy storage systems for renewable energy power sector integration and mitigation of intermittency Yekini Suberu, Mohammed; Wazir Mustafa, Mohd; Bashir, Nouruddeen Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 35 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.009	journal	July 2014
Research on sodium sulfur battery for energy storage Wen, Zhaoyin; Cao, Jiadi; Gu, Zhonghua Solid State Ionics, Vol. 179, Issue 27-32 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2008.01.070	journal	September 2008
An Intermediate-Temperature High-Performance Na–ZnCl ₂ Battery Lu, Xiaochuan; Chang, Hee Jung; Bonnett, Jeffery F. ACS Omega, Vol. 3, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b02112	journal	November 2018
Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future Chu, Steven; Majumdar, Arun Nature, Vol. 488, Issue 7411, p. 294-303 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11475	journal	August 2012
Advanced intermediate temperature sodium–nickel chloride batteries with ultra-high energy density Li, Guosheng; Lu, Xiaochuan; Kim, Jin Y. Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10683	journal	February 2016
The path towards sustainable energy Chu, Steven; Cui, Yi; Liu, Nian Nature Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4834	journal	December 2016
An intermediate temperature garnet-type solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery for grid energy storage Jin, Yang; Liu, Kai; Lang, Jialiang Nature Energy, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0198-9	journal	July 2018
Review of electrical energy storage technologies, materials and systems: challenges and prospects for large-scale grid storage Gür, Turgut M. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE01419A	journal	January 2018
High temperature sodium batteries: status, challenges and future trends Hueso, Karina B.; Armand, Michel; Rojo, Teófilo Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee24086j	journal	January 2013
A novel low-cost sodium–zinc chloride battery Lu, Xiaochuan; Li, Guosheng; Kim, Jin Y. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee24244g	journal	January 2013
Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices Dunn, B.; Kamath, H.; Tarascon, J. -M. Science, Vol. 334, Issue 6058 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1212741	journal	November 2011
Alternate Cathodes for Sodium—Metal Chloride Batteries Ratnakumar, B. V. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2085704	journal	January 1991
Stability of Beta Alumina Electrolyte in Sodium∕FeCl[sub 2] (Zebra) Cells Moseley, P. T. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2096922	journal	January 1989

Similar Records

A molten battery consisting of Li metal anode, AlCl3-LiCl cathode and solid electrolyte

Journal Article · Tue Jul 23 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Energy Storage Materials · OSTI ID:1582223

An intermediate temperature garnet-type solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery for grid energy storage

Journal Article · Mon Jul 02 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Nature Energy · OSTI ID:1475485

Solvation Structure Design for Aqueous Zn Metal Batteries

Journal Article · Mon Dec 07 23:00:00 EST 2020 · Journal of the American Chemical Society · OSTI ID:1737441

Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
ZEBRA battery
brass
ceramic electrolyte
garnet
grid energy storage
lithium-ion solid electrolyte
molten lithium battery
zinc chloride cathode

Molten Lithium-Brass/Zinc Chloride System as High-Performance and Low-Cost Battery

Citation Formats

References (24)

Similar Records

Related Subjects