Understanding Stabilization in Nanoporous Intermetallic Alloy Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries Using Operando Transmission X-ray Microscopy

Lin, Terri C.; Dawson, Andrew; King, Sophia C.; Yan, Yan; Ashby, David S.; Mazzetti, Joseph A.; Dunn, Bruce S.; Weker, Johanna Nelson; Tolbert, Sarah H.

doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c03756

Understanding Stabilization in Nanoporous Intermetallic Alloy Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries Using Operando Transmission X-ray Microscopy

Journal Article · Mon Nov 02 00:00:00 EST 2020 · ACS Nano

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c03756· OSTI ID:1768819

Lin, Terri C. ^[1]; Dawson, Andrew ^[1]; King, Sophia C. ^[1]; Yan, Yan ^[1]; Ashby, David S. ^[1]; Mazzetti, Joseph A. ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[1]

Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Tin-based alloying anodes are exciting due to their high energy density. Unfortunately, these materials pulverize after repetitive cycling due to the large volume expansion during lithiation and delithiation; both nanostructuring and intermetallic formation can help alleviate this structural damage. Here, these ideas are combined in nanoporous antimony–tin (NP-SbSn) powders, synthesized by a simple and scalable selective-etching method. The NP-SbSn exhibits bimodal porosity that facilitates electrolyte diffusion; those void spaces, combined with the presence of two metals that alloy with lithium at different potentials, further provide a buffer against volume change. This stabilizes the structure to give NP-SbSn good cycle life (595 mAh/g after 100 cycles with 93% capacity retention). Operando transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) showed that during cycling NP-SbSn expands by only 60% in area and then contracts back nearly to its original size with no physical disintegration. The pores shrink during lithiation as the pore walls expand into the pore space and then relax back to their initial size during delithiation with almost no degradation. Importantly, the pores remained open even in the fully lithiated state, and structures are in good physical condition after the 36th cycle. The results of this work should thus be useful for designing nanoscale structures in alloying anodes.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; SC0014213; SC0019381

OSTI ID:: 1768819

Journal Information:: ACS Nano, Journal Name: ACS Nano Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 14; ISSN 1936-0851

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Understanding Stabilization in Nanoporous Intermetallic Alloy Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries Using Operando Transmission X-ray Microscopy

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