SMART Perovskite Growth: Enabling a Larger Range of Process Conditions

Xiao, Chuanxiao; Zhang, Fei; Chen, Xihan; Yang, Mengjin; Harvey, Steven P.; Beard, Matthew C.; Berry, Joseph J.; Jiang, Chun-Sheng; Al-Jassim, Mowafak M.; Zhu, Kai

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02578

SMART Perovskite Growth: Enabling a Larger Range of Process Conditions

Journal Article · Mon Jan 25 00:00:00 EST 2021 · ACS Energy Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02578· OSTI ID:1766883

Xiao, Chuanxiao ^[1]; ^[1]; Chen, Xihan ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; Berry, Joseph J. ^[1]; Jiang, Chun-Sheng ^[1]; Al-Jassim, Mowafak M. ^[1]; Zhu, Kai ^[1]

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Cost-effective, high-throughput industrial applications of metal-halide perovskites require a highly tolerant method (i.e., wide process window) that produces high-quality materials with a short annealing time. Here, we introduce a Seed Modulation for ARTificially controlled nucleation (SMART) process that enables rapid fabrication of high-quality perovskite films under a wide set of initial input parameters. Additionally, we characterized the thin-film evolution from the perspective of crystallinity, surface potential, diffusivity, surface carrier dynamics, and interfacial recombination. We find that surface and subsurface defects primarily determine the performance of materials and devices. By modulating the seeds for perovskite nucleation, we were able to improve the overall crystallization. We achieved a >20% power conversion efficiency using only a 5 min annealing step, and we found that the annealing window is widened such that differing initial conditions achieve similar quality. Furthermore, we demonstrated reproducibility and performance improvement in larger-area perovskite cells by incorporating the SMART process.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1766883

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5900-79180; MainId:33406; UUID:5f222a46-e436-4afa-a0ac-cf5c468e10de; MainAdminID:19712

Journal Information:: ACS Energy Letters, Journal Name: ACS Energy Letters Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 6; ISSN 2380-8195

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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