Wind turbine blade material in the United States: Quantities, costs, and end-of-life options

Journal Article · Mon Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Resources, Conservation and Recycling

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105439· OSTI ID:1765605

Cooperman, Aubryn ^[1]; Eberle, Annika ^[1]; Lantz, Eric ^[1]

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1. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Wind energy has experienced enormous growth in the past few decades; as a result, there are thousands of wind turbines around the world that will reach the end of their design lifetimes in the coming years. Much of the material in those turbines can be recycled using conventional processes, but the composite material that is the main component of the blades is more challenging to recycle. In the United States, turbine blades may be disposed of in landfills, adding a new solid waste stream to the material already being landfilled. This paper presents a spatially resolved estimate of the mass and volume of wind turbine blade waste in each state by 2050 and compares these amounts to estimates of the remaining landfill capacity by state. In this work, we estimate costs for each stage of the disposal process to indicate cost levels for alternatives. Assuming a 20-year turbine lifetime, the cumulative blade waste in 2050 is approximately 2.2 million tons. This value represents approximately 1% of remaining landfill capacity by volume, or 0.2% by mass. We also find that the current cost of disposing of blades in large segments or through grinding is relatively low in comparison to the overall life-cycle cost of energy. Based on these findings, landfill space constraints and disposal costs appear unlikely to motivate a change in waste handling strategies under current policy conditions. Instead, more profound shifts in recycling technologies, blade materials, or policy may be needed to move towards a circular economy for wind turbine blades.

• Research Organization: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Wind Energy Technologies Office
• Grant/Contract Number: AC36-08GO28308
• OSTI ID: 1765605
• Alternate ID(s): OSTI ID: 1809645
• Report Number(s): NREL/JA--5000-77944; MainId:31853; UUID:b01b83bf-1fa3-488f-9d87-a9c59c880c2d; MainAdminID:19306
• Journal Information: Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Journal Name: Resources, Conservation and Recycling Vol. 168; ISSN 0921-3449
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

17 WIND ENERGY
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
circular economy
composites
recycling
wind turbine blades
wind turbine waste