Hard, transparent, sp3-containing 2D phase formed from few-layer graphene under compression

Pimenta Martins, Luiz G.; Silva, Diego L.; Smith, Jesse S.; Lu, Ang-Yu; Su, Cong; Hempel, Marek; Occhialini, Connor; Ji, Xiang; Pablo, Ricardo; Alencar, Rafael S.; Souza, Alan C.R.; Pinto, Alysson A.; de Oliveira, Alan B.; Batista, Ronaldo J.C.; Palacios, Tomás; Mazzoni, Mário S.C.; Matos, Matheus J.S.; Comin, Riccardo; Kong, Jing; Cançado, Luiz G.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2020.11.038

Hard, transparent, sp3-containing 2D phase formed from few-layer graphene under compression

Journal Article · Wed Nov 18 23:00:00 EST 2020 · Carbon

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.11.038· OSTI ID:1765362

Pimenta Martins, Luiz G. ^[1]; Silva, Diego L. ^[2]; ^[3]; Lu, Ang-Yu ^[1]; Su, Cong ^[1]; ^[1]; Occhialini, Connor ^[1]; Ji, Xiang ^[1]; Pablo, Ricardo ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[4]; de Oliveira, Alan B. ^[4]; Batista, Ronaldo J.C. ^[4]; Palacios, Tomás ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[4]; Comin, Riccardo ^[1]; Kong, Jing ^[1]; Cançado, Luiz G. ^[2]

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Univ. Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (Brazil)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Univ. Federal de Ouro Preto (Brazil)

Despite several theoretically proposed two-dimensional (2D) diamond structures, experimental efforts to obtain such structures are in initial stage. Recent high-pressure experiments provided significant advancements in the field, however, expected properties of a 2D-like diamond such as sp³ content, transparency and hardness, have not been observed together in a compressed graphene system. Here, we compress few-layer graphene samples on SiO₂/Si substrate in water and provide experimental evidence for the formation of a quenchable hard, transparent, sp³-containing 2D phase. Our Raman spectroscopy data indicates phase transition and a surprisingly similar critical pressure for two-, five-layer graphene and graphite in the 4e6 GPa range, as evidenced by changes in several Raman features, combined with a lack of evidence of significant pressure gradients or local non-hydrostatic stress components of the pressure medium up to ≈ 8 GPa. The new phase is transparent and hard, as evidenced from indentation marks on the SiO₂ substrate, a material considerably harder than graphene systems. Furthermore, we report the lowest critical pressure (≈ 4 GPa) in graphite, which we attribute to the role of water in facilitating the phase transition. Overall, theoretical calculations and experimental data indicate a novel, surface to- bulk phase transition mechanism that gives hint of diamondene formation.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Experimental Sciences; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1765362

Journal Information:: Carbon, Journal Name: Carbon Vol. 173; ISSN 0008-6223

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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