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What can we learn from N2O isotope data? – Analytics, processes and modelling

Journal Article · · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8858· OSTI ID:1764998
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [7];  [9];  [10];  [4];  [11];  [12];  [13]
  1. Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf (Switzerland); Jinan Univ., Guangzhou (China); Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, Empa
  2. Univ. of Innsbruck (Austria)
  3. Georg‐August Univ. of Göttingen (Germany)
  4. ETH Zürich (Switzerland)
  5. Stockholm Univ. (Sweden)
  6. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW, Sydney (Australia); Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights (Australia)
  7. Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark)
  8. Univ. of Basel (Switzerland)
  9. Justus‐Liebig Univ. Giessen (Germany); Univ. College Dublin (Ireland)
  10. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
  11. Tokyo Inst. of Technology, Yokohama (Japan)
  12. Tokyo Inst. of Technology, Yokohama (Japan); Tokyo Inst. of Technology (Japan)
  13. Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf (Switzerland)
The isotopic composition of nitrous oxide (N2O) provides useful information for evaluating N2O sources and budgets. Due to the co–occurrence of multiple N2O transformation pathways, it is, however, challenging to use isotopic information to quantify the contribution of distinct processes across variable spatiotemporal scales. Here, we present an overview of recent progress in N2O isotopic studies and provide suggestions for future research, mainly focusing on: analytical techniques; production and consumption processes; and interpretation and modelling approaches. Comparing isotope–ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) with laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS), we conclude that IRMS is a precise technique for laboratory analysis of N2O isotopes, while LAS is more suitable for in situ/inline studies and offers advantages for site–specific analyses. When reviewing the link between the N2O isotopic composition and underlying mechanisms/processes, we find that, at the molecular scale, the specific enzymes and mechanisms involved determine isotopic fractionation effects. In contrast, at plot–to–global scales, mixing of N2O derived from different processes and their isotopic variability must be considered. We also find that dual isotope plots are effective for semi–quantitative attribution of co–occurring N2O production and reduction processes. More recently, process–based N2O isotopic models have been developed for natural abundance and 15N–tracing studies, and have been shown to be effective, particularly for data with adequate temporal resolution. Here, despite the significant progress made over the last decade, there is still great need and potential for future work, including development of analytical techniques, reference materials and inter–laboratory comparisons, further exploration of N2O formation and destruction mechanisms, more observations across scales, and design and validation of interpretation and modelling approaches. Synthesizing all these efforts, we are confident that the N2O isotope community will continue to advance our understanding of N2O transformation processes in all spheres of the Earth, and in turn to gain improved constraints on regional and global budgets.
Research Organization:
Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Madison, WI (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
Austrian Science Foundation (FWF); European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR); German Science Foundation (DFG); H2020 Marie Skłodowska‐Curie Actions; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0018409
OSTI ID:
1764998
Journal Information:
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Journal Name: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry Journal Issue: 20 Vol. 34; ISSN 0951-4198
Publisher:
WileyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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