Amines have lower sooting tendencies than analogous alkanes, alcohols, and ethers

Montgomery, Matthew J.; Zhu, Junqing; Pfefferle, Lisa D.; McEnally, Charles S.

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.01.016

Title: Amines have lower sooting tendencies than analogous alkanes, alcohols, and ethers

Journal Article · Fri Jan 22 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Combustion and Flame

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.01.016· OSTI ID:1763715

^[1]; Zhu, Junqing ^[1]; Pfefferle, Lisa D. ^[1]; McEnally, Charles S. ^[1]

Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)

While the sooting tendencies of regular hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and complex fuel mixtures have been well-studied, far less research has been devoted to analyzing the influence of fuel-nitrogen on soot formation. The effect of nitrogen on soot formation becomes relevant for diesel fuels with nitrogen-containing additives, as well as biomass or biomass-derived fuels, which can contain up to 30% nitrogen-containing compounds by dry weight. To begin closing these gaps in the literature, the sooting tendencies of 14 C4 and C6 amines were measured. Sooting tendencies were quantified by re-scaling relative soot concentrations measured in fuel-doped methane flames into Yield Sooting Indices (YSI). The relative soot concentrations were measured with line-of-sight spectral radiance, and validation experiments confirmed that the presence of nitrogen in the test compounds did not interfere with this diagnostic. All of these amines had lower sooting tendencies than the structurally analogous hydrocarbons and oxygenates. The sooting tendencies of amine isomers with the same chemical formula varied significantly. Secondary amines with linear substituents were found to offer the lowest sooting propensity, while primary amines with branched substituents were observed to yield the largest sooting tendencies. In conclusion, the relationship between sooting propensity and chemical structure of the amines hints at the complex nature of soot formation, and highlights an interesting and unexplored area of combustion chemistry for further studies.

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Research Organization:: Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office; National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0007983; CBET 1604983

OSTI ID:: 1763715

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1775653

Journal Information:: Combustion and Flame, Vol. 227; ISSN 0010-2180

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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Title: Amines have lower sooting tendencies than analogous alkanes, alcohols, and ethers

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