Hypothetical Efficiency of Electrical to Mechanical Energy Transfer during Individual Stochastic Molecular Switching Events

Larson, Amanda M.; Balema, Tedros A.; Zahl, Percy; Schilling, Alex C.; Stacchiola, Dario J.; Sykes, E. Charles H.

doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c04082

Title: Hypothetical Efficiency of Electrical to Mechanical Energy Transfer during Individual Stochastic Molecular Switching Events

Journal Article · Fri Sep 18 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · ACS Nano

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c04082· OSTI ID:1763340

^[1]; Balema, Tedros A. ^[1]; Zahl, Percy ^[2]; Schilling, Alex C. ^[1];

^[2];

^[1]

Tufts Univ., Medford, MA (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN)

There are now many examples of single molecule rotors, motors and switches in the literature that, when driven by photons, electrons or chemical reactions, exhibit well defined motions. As a step towards using these single molecule devices to perform useful functions one must understand how they interact with their environment and quantify their ability to perform work on it. Using a single molecule rotary switch we examine the transfer of electrical energy, delivered via electron tunneling, to mechanical motion and measure the forces the switch experiences with a non-contact q-plus atomic force microscope. Action spectra reveal that the molecular switch has two stable states and can be excited resonantly between them at a bias of 100 mV via a one-electron inelastic tunneling process which corresponds to an energy input of 16 zepto Joules. Furthermore, while the electrically induced switching events are stochastic and no net work is to done on the cantilever, by measuring the forces between the molecular switch and the AFM cantilever we can derive the maximum hypothetical work the switch could perform during a single switching event which is ~55 meV, equal to 8.9 zepto Joules which translates to a hypothetical efficiency ~55% per individual inelastic tunneling electron induced switching event. When co considering the total electrical energy input this drops to 1x10^-7 % due to elastic tunneling events that dominate the tunneling current. However, this approach constitutes a general method for quantifying and comparing the energy input and output of molecularmechanical devices.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; CHE-1708397

OSTI ID:: 1763340

Report Number(s):: BNL-220931-2021-JAAM

Journal Information:: ACS Nano, Vol. 14, Issue 12; ISSN 1936-0851

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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