Octane Index Applicability over the Pressure-Temperature Domain

Powell, Tommy R.; Szybist, James P.; Dal Forno Chuahy, Flavio; Curran, Scott J.; Mengwasser, John; Aradi, Allen; Cracknell, Roger

doi:10.3390/en14030607

Title: Octane Index Applicability over the Pressure-Temperature Domain

Journal Article · Mon Jan 25 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Energies

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030607· OSTI ID:1762529

Powell, Tommy R.;

; Dal Forno Chuahy, Flavio;

;

; Aradi, Allen;

Modern boosted spark-ignition (SI) engines and emerging advanced compression ignition (ACI) engines operate under conditions that deviate substantially from the conditions of conventional autoignition metrics, namely the research and motor octane numbers (RON and MON). The octane index (OI) is an emerging autoignition metric based on RON and MON which was developed to better describe fuel knock resistance over a broader range of engine conditions. Prior research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) identified that OI performs reasonably well under stoichiometric boosted conditions, but inconsistencies exist in the ability of OI to predict autoignition behavior under ACI strategies. Instead, the autoignition behavior under ACI operation was found to correlate more closely to fuel composition, suggesting fuel chemistry differences that are insensitive to the conditions of the RON and MON tests may become the dominant factor under these high efficiency operating conditions. This investigation builds on earlier work to study autoignition behavior over six pressure-temperature (PT) trajectories that correspond to a wide range of operating conditions, including boosted SI operation, partial fuel stratification (PFS), and spark-assisted compression ignition (SACI). A total of 12 different fuels were investigated, including the Co-Optima core fuels and five fuels that represent refinery-relevant blending streams. It was found that, for the ACI operating modes investigated here, the low temperature reactions dominate reactivity, similar to boosted SI operating conditions because their PT trajectories lay close to the RON trajectory. Additionally, the OI metric was found to adequately predict autoignition resistance over the PT domain, for the ACI conditions investigated here, and for fuels from different chemical families. This finding is in contrast with the prior study using a different type of ACI operation with different thermodynamic conditions, specifically a significantly higher temperature at the start of compression, illustrating that fuel response depends highly on the ACI strategy being used.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1762529

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1763477

Journal Information:: Energies, Journal Name: Energies Vol. 14 Journal Issue: 3; ISSN 1996-1073

Publisher:: MDPI AGCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Switzerland

Language:: English

References (40)

Octane Requirement of a Turbocharged Spark Ignition Engine in Various Driving Cycles Jo, Young Suk; Bromberg, Leslie; Heywood, John SAE 2016 World Congress and Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0831	conference	April 2016
What fuel properties enable higher thermal efficiency in spark-ignited engines? Szybist, James P.; Busch, Stephen; McCormick, Robert L. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 82 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100876	journal	January 2021
Effects of Mass, Pressure, and Timing of Injection on the Efficiency and Emissions Characteristics of TSCI Combustion with Direct Water Injection Rahimi Boldaji, Mozhgan; Sofianopoulos, Aimilios; Mamalis, Sotirios WCX World Congress Experience, SAE Technical Paper Series https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0178	conference	April 2018
The Reduced Effectiveness of EGR to Mitigate Knock at High Loads in Boosted SI Engines Szybist, James P.; Wagnon, Scott W.; Splitter, Derek SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-24-0061	journal	February 2017
Effects of Fuel Composition on EGR Dilution Tolerance in Spark Ignited Engines Szybist, James P.; Splitter, Derek SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0715	journal	April 2016
Characterization of Pressure Waves in HCCI Combustion Eng, J. A. SAE Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-2859	conference	October 2002
Assessment of Residual Mass Estimation Methods for Cylinder Pressure Heat Release Analysis of HCCI Engines With Negative Valve Overlap Ortiz-Soto, Elliott A.; Vavra, Jiri; Babajimopoulos, Aristotelis Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 134, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4006701	journal	June 2012
Chemical kinetics of octane sensitivity in a spark-ignition engine Westbrook, Charles K.; Mehl, Marco; Pitz, William J. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 175 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.05.022	journal	January 2017
Boosted HCCI - Controlling Pressure-Rise Rates for Performance Improvements using Partial Fuel Stratification with Conventional Gasoline Dec, John E.; Yang, Yi; Dronniou, Nicolas SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0897	journal	April 2011
Development of a Predictive Model for Gasoline Vehicle Particulate Matter Emissions Aikawa, Koichiro; Sakurai, Takayuki; Jetter, Jeff J. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-2115	journal	August 2010
Numerical Investigation of Fuel Property Effects on Mixed-Mode Combustion in a Spark-Ignition Engine Xu, Chao; Pal, Pinaki; Ren, Xiao Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Vol. 143, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4048242	journal	September 2020
New Heat Transfer Correlation for an HCCI Engine Derived from Measurements of Instantaneous Surface Heat Flux Chang, Junseok; Güralp, Orgun; Filipi, Zoran 2004 Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-2996	conference	October 2004
Is the “K Value” of an Engine Truly Fuel Independent? Cracknell, Roger; Kassai, Masaharu; Shiraishi, Taisuke WCX SAE World Congress Experience, SAE Technical Paper Series https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0615	conference	April 2020
Pressure and temperature effects on fuels with varying octane sensitivity at high load in SI engines Szybist, James P.; Splitter, Derek A. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 177 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.12.002	journal	March 2017
Load Expansion of Stoichiometric HCCI Using Spark Assist and Hydraulic Valve Actuation Szybist, James P.; Nafziger, Eric; Weall, Adam SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-2172	journal	August 2010
Advanced compression-ignition engines—understanding the in-cylinder processes Dec, John E. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 32, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2008.08.008	journal	January 2009
Assessing the Loss Mechanisms Associated with Engine Downsizing, Boosting and Compression Ratio Change Smith, Patrick; Cheng, Wai K. SAE 2013 World Congress & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0929	conference	April 2013
Boosted HCCI for High Power without Engine Knock and with Ultra-Low NOx Emissions - using Conventional Gasoline Dec, John E.; Yang, Yi SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-1086	journal	April 2010
Combined Effects of Fuel and Dilution Type on Efficiency Gains of Lean Well-Mixed DISI Engine Operation with Enhanced Ignition and Intake Heating for Enabling Mixed-Mode Combustion Sjöberg, Magnus; Zeng, Wei SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0689	journal	April 2016
Effects of pre-spark heat release on engine knock limit Splitter, Derek A.; Gilliam, Arthur; Szybist, James Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 37, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2018.05.145	journal	January 2019
Impact of engine pressure-temperature trajectory on autoignition for varying fuel properties Szybist, James P.; Splitter, Derek A. Applications in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2020.100003	journal	December 2020
Computational combustion Westbrook, Charles K.; Mizobuchi, Yasuhiro; Poinsot, Thierry J. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 30, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.275	journal	January 2005
On the sensitivity of low temperature combustion to spark assist near flame limit conditions Olesky, Laura K. Manofsky; Middleton, Robert J.; Lavoie, George A. Fuel, Vol. 158 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.05.012	journal	October 2015
Significance of RON, MON, and LTHR for Knock Limits of Compositionally Dissimilar Gasoline Fuels in a DISI Engine Vuilleumier, David; Sjöberg, Magnus SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0662	journal	February 2017
First-stage ignition delay in the negative temperature coefficient behavior: Experiment and simulation Zhang, Peng; Ji, Weiqi; He, Tanjin Combustion and Flame, Vol. 167 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.03.002	journal	May 2016
Homogeneous-Charge Compression-Ignition (HCCI) Engines Thring, R. H. 1989 SAE International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series https://doi.org/10.4271/892068	conference	September 1989
Insights into engine autoignition: Combining engine thermodynamic trajectory and fuel ignition delay iso-contour Tao, Mingyuan; Zhao, Peng; Szybist, James P. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 200 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.11.025	journal	February 2019
Understanding the Chemical Effects of Increased Boost Pressure under HCCI Conditions Silke, Emma J.; Pitz, William J.; Westbrook, Charles K. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-0019	journal	April 2008
Engine Operating Conditions and Fuel Properties on Pre-Spark Heat Release and SPI Promotion in SI Engines Splitter, Derek; Kaul, Brian; Szybist, James SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0688	journal	February 2017
Optimisation of synthetic gasoline blend recipes for use in modern charge boosted GDI engines Rockstroh, Toby; Floweday, Gareth; Yates, Andy Fuel, Vol. 186 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.09.001	journal	December 2016
A Comparison of Four Methods for Determining the Octane Index and K on a Modern Engine with Upstream, Port or Direct Injection Zhou, Zhenbiao; Yang, Yi; Brear, Michael WCX™ 17: SAE World Congress Experience, SAE Technical Paper Series https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0666	conference	April 2017
Using Chemical Kinetics to Understand Effects of Fuel Type and Compression Ratio on Knock-Mitigation Effectiveness of Various EGR Constituents Kim, Namho; Vuilleumier, David; Sjöberg, Magnus WCX SAE World Congress Experience, SAE Technical Paper Series https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-1140	conference	April 2019
Partial Fuel Stratification to Control HCCI Heat Release Rates: Fuel Composition and Other Factors Affecting Pre-Ignition Reactions of Two-Stage Ignition Fuels Yang, Yi; Dec, John E.; Dronniou, Nicolas SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1359	journal	April 2011
Fuel Anti-Knock Quality - Part I. Engine Studies Kalghatgi, G. T. SAE International Fall Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-3584	conference	September 2001
Combustion-Timing Control of Low-Temperature Gasoline Combustion (LTGC) Engines by Using Double Direct-Injections to Control Kinetic Rates Gentz, Gerald; Dernotte, Jeremie; Ji, Chunsheng WCX SAE World Congress Experience, SAE Technical Paper Series https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-1156	conference	April 2019
Bridging the Gap between HCCI and SI: Spark-Assisted Compression Ignition Manofsky, Laura; Vavra, Jiri; Assanis, Dennis N. SAE 2011 World Congress & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1179	conference	April 2011
Φ-Sensitivity for LTGC Engines: Understanding the Fundamentals and Tailoring Fuel Blends to Maximize This Property Lopez Pintor, Dario; Dec, John; Gentz, Gerald WCX SAE World Congress Experience, SAE Technical Paper Series https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0961	conference	April 2019
Modeling pre-spark heat release and low temperature chemistry of iso-octane in a boosted spark-ignition engine DelVescovo, Dan A.; Splitter, Derek A.; Szybist, James P. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 212 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.10.009	journal	February 2020
Understanding chemistry-specific fuel differences at a constant RON in a boosted SI engine Szybist, James P.; Splitter, Derek A. Fuel, Vol. 217 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.100	journal	April 2018
Theory of first-stage ignition delay in hydrocarbon NTC chemistry Liang, Wenkai; Law, Chung K. Combustion and Flame, Vol. 188 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.10.003	journal	February 2018

Similar Records

Impact of engine pressure-temperature trajectory on autoignition for varying fuel properties

Journal Article · Tue Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Applications in Energy and Combustion Science · OSTI ID:1762529

Szybist, James P.; Splitter, Derek A.

Numerical Analysis of Fuel Effects on Advanced Compression Ignition Using a Cooperative Fuel Research Engine Computational Fluid Dynamics Model

Journal Article · Mon Mar 29 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Journal of Energy Resources Technology · OSTI ID:1762529

Kalvakala, Krishna; Pal, Pinaki; Wu, Yunchao; +7 more

Insights into engine autoignition: Combining engine thermodynamic trajectory and fuel ignition delay iso-contour

Journal Article · Fri Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Combustion and Flame · OSTI ID:1762529

Tao, Mingyuan; Zhao, Peng; Szybist, James P.; +2 more

Related Subjects

02 PETROLEUM
octane sensitivity
octane index (OI)
low temperature heat release (LTHR)
knock
multimode
advanced compression ignition (ACI)
partial fuel stratification (PFS)
spark assisted compression ignition (SACI)

Title: Octane Index Applicability over the Pressure-Temperature Domain

Citation Formats

References (40)

Similar Records

Related Subjects