Bioenergy sorghum maintains photosynthetic capacity in elevated ozone concentrations

Li, Shuai; Moller, Christopher A.; Mitchell, Noah G.; Lee, DoKyoung; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1111/pce.13962

Bioenergy sorghum maintains photosynthetic capacity in elevated ozone concentrations

Journal Article · Thu Jan 21 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Plant, Cell and Environment

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13962· OSTI ID:1761268

^[1]; Moller, Christopher A. ^[2]; Mitchell, Noah G. ^[2]; Lee, DoKyoung ^[3]; ^[4]

Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA, Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit USDA ARS Urbana Illinois USA
Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA, Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit USDA ARS Urbana Illinois USA

Abstract

Elevated tropospheric ozone concentration (O ₃ ) significantly reduces photosynthesis and productivity in several C ₄ crops including maize, switchgrass and sugarcane. However, it is unknown how O ₃ affects plant growth, development and productivity in sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.), an emerging C ₄ bioenergy crop. Here, we investigated the effects of elevated O ₃ on photosynthesis, biomass and nutrient composition of a number of sorghum genotypes over two seasons in the field using free‐air concentration enrichment (FACE), and in growth chambers. We also tested if elevated O ₃ altered the relationship between stomatal conductance and environmental conditions using two common stomatal conductance models. Sorghum genotypes showed significant variability in plant functional traits, including photosynthetic capacity, leaf N content and specific leaf area, but responded similarly to O ₃ . At the FACE experiment, elevated O ₃ did not alter net CO ₂ assimilation ( A ), stomatal conductance ( g _s ), stomatal sensitivity to the environment, chlorophyll fluorescence and plant biomass, but led to reductions in the maximum carboxylation capacity of phosphoenolpyruvate and increased stomatal limitation to A in both years. These findings suggest that bioenergy sorghum is tolerant to O ₃ and could be used to enhance biomass productivity in O ₃ polluted regions.

View Journal Article

Research Organization:: Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI), Urbana, IL (United States); University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0018420

OSTI ID:: 1761268

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1816339
OSTI ID: 1787154
OSTI ID: 1991870

Journal Information:: Plant, Cell and Environment, Journal Name: Plant, Cell and Environment Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 44; ISSN 0140-7791

Publisher:: Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

References (82)

Designing sorghum as a dedicated bioenergy feedstock Rooney, William L.; Blumenthal, Jürg; Bean, Brent Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.15	journal	October 2007
A Model Predicting Stomatal Conductance and its Contribution to the Control of Photosynthesis under Different Environmental Conditions Ball, J. Timothy; Woodrow, Ian E.; Berry, Joseph A. Progress in Photosynthesis Research https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0519-6_48	book	January 1987
Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of C3 plants Evans, John R. Oecologia, Vol. 78, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377192	journal	January 1989
Ozone exposure causes a decoupling of conductance and photosynthesis: implications for the Ball-Berry stomatal conductance model Lombardozzi, Danica; Sparks, Jed P.; Bonan, Gordon Oecologia, Vol. 169, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2242-3	journal	January 2012
Ozone sensitivity of four Pakchoi cultivars with different leaf colors: physiological and biochemical mechanisms Zhang, L.; Xiao, S.; Chen, Y. J. Photosynthetica, Vol. 55, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-016-0661-4	journal	September 2017
Water uptake efficiency and above- and belowground biomass development of sweet sorghum and maize under different water regimes Zegada-Lizarazu, Walter; Zatta, Alessandro; Monti, Andrea Plant and Soil, Vol. 351, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0928-2	journal	August 2011
Assessment of growth and yield losses in two Zea mays L. cultivars (quality protein maize and nonquality protein maize) under projected levels of ozone Singh, Aditya Abha; Agrawal, S. B.; Shahi, J. P. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 21, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2188-6	journal	October 2013
Water-use efficiency of sweet sorghum under water stress conditions Gas-exchange investigations at leaf and canopy scales Steduto, P.; Katerji, N.; Puertos-Molina, H. Field Crops Research, Vol. 54, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00050-6	journal	September 1997
Ozone flux to vegetation and its relationship to plant response and ambient air quality standards Musselman, Robert C.; Massman, William J. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 33, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00127-7	journal	January 1998
Atmospheric chemistry of VOCs and NOx Atkinson, R. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 34, Issue 12-14 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00460-4	journal	January 2000
Ascorbic acid: metabolism and functions of a multi-facetted molecule Smirnoff, N. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5266(00)00069-8	journal	June 2000
Testing the “source–sink” hypothesis of down-regulation of photosynthesis in elevated [CO2] in the field with single gene substitutions in Glycine max Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Rogers, Alistair; Nelson, Randall Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 122, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.09.002	journal	March 2004
Biomass sorghum and maize have similar water-use-efficiency under non-drought conditions in the rain-fed Midwest U.S. Roby, Matt C.; Salas Fernandez, Maria G.; Heaton, Emily A. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 247 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.08.019	journal	December 2017
Comparative response of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to deficit irrigation in a Mediterranean environment Farré, Imma; Faci, José María Agricultural Water Management, Vol. 83, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.11.001	journal	May 2006
Toward an ozone standard to protect vegetation based on effective dose: a review of deposition resistances and a possible metric Massman, W. J. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 38, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.09.079	journal	May 2004
Exposure- and flux-based assessment of ozone risk to sugarcane plants Moura, Bárbara Baêsso; Hoshika, Yasutomo; Ribeiro, Rafael Vasconcelos Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 176 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.12.039	journal	March 2018
High ozone episodes at a semi-urban site in India: Photochemical generation and transport Verma, Nidhi; Lakhani, Anita; Maharaj Kumari, K. Atmospheric Research, Vol. 197 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.07.014	journal	November 2017
Sweet sorghum as a bioenergy crop: Literature review Regassa, Teshome H.; Wortmann, Charles S. Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 64 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.03.052	journal	May 2014
Sweet sorghum as a model system for bioenergy crops Calviño, Martín; Messing, Joachim Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Vol. 23, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.12.002	journal	June 2012
Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and yield of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes differing in sensitivity to ozone Flowers, Michael D.; Fiscus, Edwin L.; Burkey, Kent O. Environmental and Experimental Botany, Vol. 61, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.05.009	journal	November 2007
Ozone effects on carbon metabolism in sensitive and insensitive Phaseolus cultivars Guidi, Lucia; Degl’Innocenti, Elena; Martinelli, Federico Environmental and Experimental Botany, Vol. 66, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2008.12.005	journal	April 2009
Ozone exposure and stomatal sluggishness in different plant physiognomic classes Paoletti, Elena; Grulke, Nancy E. Environmental Pollution, Vol. 158, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.04.024	journal	August 2010
Field assessment of a snap bean ozone bioindicator system under elevated ozone and carbon dioxide in a free air system Burkey, Kent O.; Booker, Fitzgerald L.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Environmental Pollution, Vol. 166 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.020	journal	July 2012
Changes in leaf area, nitrogen content and canopy photosynthesis in soybean exposed to an ozone concentration gradient Oikawa, Shimpei; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Environmental Pollution, Vol. 215 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.005	journal	August 2016
A case study of surface ozone source apportionment during a high concentration episode, under frequent shifting wind conditions over the Yangtze River Delta, China Gao, Jinhui; Zhu, Bin; Xiao, Hui Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 544 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.039	journal	February 2016
Ozone changes the linear relationship between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and decreases water use efficiency in rice Masutomi, Yuji; Kinose, Yoshiyuki; Takimoto, Takahiro Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 655 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.132	journal	March 2019
Plants to power: bioenergy to fuel the future Yuan, Joshua S.; Tiller, Kelly H.; Al-Ahmad, Hani Trends in Plant Science, Vol. 13, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2008.06.001	journal	August 2008
Maize and sorghum: genetic resources for bioenergy grasses Carpita, Nicholas C.; McCann, Maureen C. Trends in Plant Science, Vol. 13, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2008.06.002	journal	August 2008
Optimal stomatal behaviour around the world Lin, Yan-Shih; Medlyn, Belinda E.; Duursma, Remko A. Nature Climate Change, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2550	journal	March 2015
Diversity in stomatal function is integral to modelling plant carbon and water fluxes Wolz, Kevin J.; Wertin, Timothy M.; Abordo, Mark Nature Ecology & Evolution, Vol. 1, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0238-z	journal	July 2017
The Impact of Ozone on Juvenile Maize (Zea mays L.) Plant Photosynthesis: Effects on Vegetative Biomass, Pigmentation, and Carboxylases (PEPc and Rubisco) Leitao, L.; Bethenod, O.; Biolley, J. -P. Plant Biology, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-964942	journal	July 2007
Biochemical Models of Leaf Photosynthesis von Caemmerer, S. https://doi.org/10.1071/9780643103405	book	January 2000
Net energy of cellulosic ethanol from switchgrass Schmer, M. R.; Vogel, K. P.; Mitchell, R. B. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704767105	journal	January 2008
An analysis of ozone damage to historical maize and soybean yields in the United States McGrath, Justin M.; Betzelberger, Amy M.; Wang, Shaowen Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509777112	journal	November 2015
Gas exchange measurements, what can they tell us about the underlying limitations to photosynthesis? Procedures and sources of error Long, S. P. Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 54, Issue 392 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erg262	journal	September 2003
Genotypic variation in tolerance to elevated ozone in rice: dissection of distinct genetic factors linked to tolerance mechanisms Frei, Michael; Tanaka, Juan Pariasca; Wissuwa, Matthias Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 59, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern222	journal	September 2008
Impairment of C4 photosynthesis by drought is exacerbated by limiting nitrogen and ameliorated by elevated [CO2] in maize Markelz, R. J. Cody; Strellner, Reid S.; Leakey, Andrew D. B. Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 62, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err056	journal	March 2011
How is ozone pollution reducing our food supply? Wilkinson, S.; Mills, G.; Illidge, R. Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 63, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err317	journal	October 2011
Energy Sorghum--a genetic model for the design of C4 grass bioenergy crops Mullet, J.; Morishige, D.; McCormick, R. Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 65, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru229	journal	June 2014
An In Vivo Analysis of the Effect of Season-Long Open-Air Elevation of Ozone to Anticipated 2050 Levels on Photosynthesis in Soybean Morgan, Patrick B.; Bernacchi, Carl J.; Ort, Donald R. Plant Physiology, Vol. 135, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.104.043968	journal	August 2004
Photosynthesis, Productivity, and Yield of Maize Are Not Affected by Open-Air Elevation of CO ₂ Concentration in the Absence of Drought Leakey, Andrew D. B.; Uribelarrea, Martin; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Plant Physiology, Vol. 140, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.105.073957	journal	January 2006
Targets for Crop Biotechnology in a Future High-CO ₂ and High-O ₃ World Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Rogers, Alistair; Leakey, Andrew D. B. Plant Physiology, Vol. 147, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.117101	journal	April 2008
High-Throughput Phenotyping of Maize Leaf Physiological and Biochemical Traits Using Hyperspectral Reflectance Yendrek, Craig R.; Tomaz, Tiago; Montes, Christopher M. Plant Physiology, Vol. 173, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.01447	journal	November 2016
Translational Genomics for Bioenergy Production from Fuelstock Grasses: Maize as the Model Species Lawrence, Carolyn J.; Walbot, Virginia The Plant Cell, Vol. 19, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.053660	journal	July 2007
Chronic ozone exacerbates the reduction in photosynthesis and acceleration of senescence caused by limited N availability in Nicotiana sylvestris Yendrek, Craig R.; Leisner, Courtney P.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Global Change Biology, Vol. 19, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12237	journal	May 2013
Ozone pollution will compromise efforts to increase global wheat production Mills, Gina; Sharps, Katrina; Simpson, David Global Change Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14157	journal	May 2018
Closing the global ozone yield gap: Quantification and cobenefits for multistress tolerance Mills, Gina; Sharps, Katrina; Simpson, David Global Change Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14381	journal	August 2018
Comparing optimal and empirical stomatal conductance models for application in Earth system models Franks, Peter J.; Bonan, Gordon B.; Berry, Joseph A. Global Change Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14445	journal	October 2018
Uncovering hidden genetic variation in photosynthesis of field‐grown maize under ozone pollution Choquette, Nicole E.; Ogut, Funda; Wertin, Timothy M. Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14794	journal	October 2019
The future of bioenergy Reid, Walter V.; Ali, Mariam K.; Field, Christopher B. Global Change Biology, Vol. 26, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14883	journal	December 2019
Global diurnal and nocturnal parameters of stomatal conductance in woody plants and major crops Hoshika, Yasutomo; Osada, Yutaka; de Marco, Alessandra Global Ecology and Biogeography, Vol. 27, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12681	journal	December 2017
Structural characteristics and chemical composition of birch (Betula pendula) leaves are modified by increasing CO2 and ozone Oksanen, Elina; Riikonen, Johanna; Kaakinen, Seija Global Change Biology, Vol. 11, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00938.x	journal	May 2005
Quantifying the impact of current and future tropospheric ozone on tree biomass, growth, physiology and biochemistry: a quantitative meta-analysis Wittig, Victoria E.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Naidu, Shawna L. Global Change Biology, Vol. 15, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01774.x	journal	February 2009
Reconciling the optimal and empirical approaches to modelling stomatal conductance: RECONCILING OPTIMAL AND EMPIRICAL STOMATAL MODELS Medlyn, Belinda E.; Duursma, Remko A.; Eamus, Derek Global Change Biology, Vol. 17, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02375.x	journal	January 2011
Crop responses to ozone: uptake, modes of action, carbon assimilation and partitioning Fiscus, Edwin L.; Booker, Fitzgerald L.; Burkey, Kent O. Plant, Cell and Environment, Vol. 28, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01349.x	journal	August 2005
Long-term growth of soybean at elevated [CO2] does not cause acclimation of stomatal conductance under fully open-air conditions Leakey, Andrew D. B.; Bernacchi, Carl J.; Ort, Donald R. Plant, Cell and Environment, Vol. 29, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01556.x	journal	September 2006
What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)? A meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO2: Tansley review Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Long, Stephen P. New Phytologist, Vol. 165, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01224.x	journal	November 2004
Season-long elevation of ozone concentration to projected 2050 levels under fully open-air conditions substantially decreases the growth and production of soybean Morgan, Patrick B.; Mies, Timothy A.; Bollero, German A. New Phytologist, Vol. 170, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01679.x	journal	April 2006
Seasonal variability of the parameters of the Ball-Berry model of stomatal conductance in maize ( Zea mays L . ) and sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) under well-watered and water-stressed conditions: Ball-Berry model parameters Miner, Grace L.; Bauerle, William L. Plant, Cell & Environment, Vol. 40, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12990	journal	July 2017
Ozone-induced foliar damage and release of stress volatiles is highly dependent on stomatal openness and priming by low-level ozone exposure in Phaseolus vulgaris : O Li, Shuai; Harley, Peter C.; Niinemets, Ülo Plant, Cell & Environment, Vol. 40, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13003	journal	July 2017
Elevated ozone reduces photosynthetic carbon gain by accelerating leaf senescence of inbred and hybrid maize in a genotype-specific manner Yendrek, Craig R.; Erice, Gorka; Montes, Christopher M. Plant, Cell & Environment, Vol. 40, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13075	journal	October 2017
Glandular trichomes as a barrier against atmospheric oxidative stress: Relationships with ozone uptake, leaf damage, and emission of LOX products across a diverse set of species: Glandular trichomes promote ozone resistance Li, Shuai; Tosens, Tiina; Harley, Peter C. Plant, Cell & Environment, Vol. 41, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13128	journal	February 2018
Ozone tolerant maize hybrids maintain Rubisco content and activity during long‐term exposure in the field Choquette, Nicole E.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Bezodis, William Plant, Cell & Environment, Vol. 43, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13876	journal	October 2020
Steady‐state stomatal responses of C ₃ and C ₄ species to blue light fraction: Interactions with CO ₂ concentration Zhen, Shuyang; Bugbee, Bruce Plant, Cell & Environment, Vol. 43, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13888	journal	September 2020
Understanding and improving global crop response to ozone pollution Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. The Plant Journal, Vol. 90, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13298	journal	October 2016
Beneficial Biofuels--The Food, Energy, and Environment Trilemma Tilman, D.; Socolow, R.; Foley, J. A. Science, Vol. 325, Issue 5938 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1177970	journal	July 2009
The Effects of Tropospheric Ozone on Net Primary Productivity and Implications for Climate Change Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Yendrek, Craig R.; Sitch, Stephen Annual Review of Plant Biology, Vol. 63, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103829	journal	June 2012
Water Use Efficiency as a Constraint and Target for Improving the Resilience and Productivity of C ₃ and C ₄ Crops Leakey, Andrew D. B.; Ferguson, John N.; Pignon, Charles P. Annual Review of Plant Biology, Vol. 70, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040305	journal	April 2019
RISING ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE: Plants FACE the Future Long, Stephen P.; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Rogers, Alistair Annual Review of Plant Biology, Vol. 55, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141610	journal	June 2004
The Heterogeneity and Spatial Patterning of Structure and Physiology across the Leaf Surface in Giant Leaves of Alocasia macrorrhiza Li, Shuai; Zhang, Yong-Jiang; Sack, Lawren PLoS ONE, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066016	journal	June 2013
Regional trend analysis of surface ozone observations from monitoring networks in eastern North America, Europe and East Asia Chang, Kai-Lan; Petropavlovskikh, Irina; Copper, Owen R. Elem Sci Anth, Vol. 5, Issue 0 https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.243	journal	February 2017
Deleterious Mutation Burden and Its Association with Complex Traits in Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) Valluru, Ravi; Gazave, Elodie E.; Fernandes, Samuel B. Genetics, Vol. 211, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.118.301742	journal	January 2019
Soil Temperature and Planting Date Effects on Corn Yield, Leaf Area, and Plant Development Bollero, Germán A.; Bullock, Donald G.; Hollinger, Steven E. Agronomy Journal, Vol. 88, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800030005x	journal	May 1996
Biomass Production in Switchgrass across the United States: Database Description and Determinants of Yield Wullschleger, S. D.; Davis, E. B.; Borsuk, M. E. Agronomy Journal, Vol. 102, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0087	journal	January 2010
Forage and Energy Sorghum Responses to Nitrogen Fertilization in Central and Southern Illinois Maughan, Matt; Voigt, Thomas; Parrish, Allen Agronomy Journal, Vol. 104, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2011.0408	journal	January 2012
Genetic Control of a Photoperiod-Sensitive Response in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Rooney, W. L.; Aydin, S. Crop Science, Vol. 39, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.0011183X0039000200016x	journal	January 1999
O Sensitivity in a Potential C Bioenergy Crop: Sugarcane in California Grantz, D. A.; Vu, H. -B. Crop Science, Vol. 49, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2008.04.0210	journal	January 2009
Sensitivity of Gas Exchange Parameters to Ozone in Diverse C Sugarcane Hybrids Grantz, D. A.; Vu, H. -B.; Tew, T. L. Crop Science, Vol. 52, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2011.08.0413	journal	January 2012
Elevated Ozone Concentration Reduces Photosynthetic Carbon Gain but Does Not Alter Leaf Structural Traits, Nutrient Composition or Biomass in Switchgrass Li, Shuai; Courbet, Galatéa; Ourry, Alain Plants, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8040085	journal	April 2019
Changes in PEP Carboxylase, Rubisco and Rubisco activase mRNA levels from maize (Zea mays) exposed to a chronic ozone stress Leitao, Louis; Maoret, Jean-JosÉ; Biolley, Jean-Philippe Biological Research, Vol. 40, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-97602007000200005	journal	January 2007
Pre-industrial to end 21st century projections of tropospheric ozone from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) Young, P. J.; Archibald, A. T.; Bowman, K. W. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2063-2013	journal	January 2013
Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer Monks, P. S.; Archibald, A. T.; Colette, A. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8889-2015	journal	January 2015

Similar Records

Related Subjects

09 BIOMASS FUELS
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
BWB model
MED model
biomass
chlorophyll fluorescence
photosynthesis
stomatal conductance

Bioenergy sorghum maintains photosynthetic capacity in elevated ozone concentrations

Citation Formats

References (82)

Similar Records

Related Subjects