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Wettability and capillary effects: Dynamics of pinch-off in unconstricted straight capillary tubes

Journal Article · · Physical Review E
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [2]
  1. Stanford Univ., CA (United States); Stanford University
  2. Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
  3. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)

We study the interfacial evolution of immiscible two-phase flow within a capillary tube in the partial wetting regime using direct numerical simulation. We investigate the flow patterns resulting from the displacement of a more viscous fluid by a less viscous one under a wide range of wettability conditions. We find that beyond a wettability dependent critical capillary number, a uniform displacement by a less viscous fluid can transition into a growing finger that eventually breaks up into discrete blobs by a series of pinch-off events for both wetting and non-wetting contact angles. This study validates previous experimental observations of pinch-off for wetting contact angles and extends those to non-wetting contact angles. We find that the blob length increases with the capillary number. We observe that the time between consecutive pinch-off events decreases with the capillary number and is greater for more wetting conditions in the displaced phase. Here, we further show that the blob separation distance as a function of the difference between the inlet velocity and the contact line speed collapses into two monotonically decreasing curves for wetting and non-wetting contact angles. For the phase separation in the form of pinch-off, this work provides a quantitative study of the emerging length and time scales and their dependence on the wettability conditions, capillary effects, and viscous forces.

Research Organization:
Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0019165
OSTI ID:
1760009
Journal Information:
Physical Review E, Journal Name: Physical Review E Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 102; ISSN 2470-0045
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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