Creation of Single-Photon Emitters in WSe2 Monolayers Using Nanometer-Sized Gold Tips

Peng, Lintao; Chan, Henry; Choo, Priscilla; Odom, Teri W.; Sankaranarayanan, Subramanian S.; Ma, Xuedan

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01789

Creation of Single-Photon Emitters in WSe₂ Monolayers Using Nanometer-Sized Gold Tips

Journal Article · Thu Jul 09 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Nano Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01789· OSTI ID:1756836

Peng, Lintao ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[1]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Center for Nanoscale Materials
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Center for Nanoscale Materials; Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, IL (United States)

Due to their tunable bandgaps and strong spin-valley locking, transition metal dichalcogenides constitute a unique platform for hosting single-photon emitters. Here, we present a versatile approach for creating bright single-photon emitters in WSe₂ monolayers by the deposition of gold nanostars. Our molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the formation of the quantum emitters is likely caused by the highly localized strain fields created by the sharp tips of the gold nanostars. The surface plasmon modes supported by the gold nanostars can change the local electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of the quantum emitters, leading to their enhanced emission intensities. Moreover, by correlating the emission energies and intensities of the quantum emitters, we are able to associate them with two types of strain fields and derive the existence of a low-lying dark state in their electronic structures. The findings here are highly relevant for the development and understanding of single-photon emitters in transition metal dichalcogenide materials.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1756836

Journal Information:: Nano Letters, Journal Name: Nano Letters Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 20; ISSN 1530-6984

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (54)

Nanoscale Positioning of Single-Photon Emitters in Atomically Thin WSe ₂ Kern, Johannes; Niehues, Iris; Tonndorf, Philipp Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201600560	journal	June 2016
Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, Applications, and Toxicity Li, Na; Zhao, Pengxiang; Astruc, Didier Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 53, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201300441	journal	January 2014
Fast Parallel Algorithms for Short-Range Molecular Dynamics Plimpton, Steve Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 117, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1006/jcph.1995.1039	journal	March 1995
Manipulating the Anisotropic Structure of Gold Nanostars using Good’s Buffers Chandra, Kavita; Culver, Kayla S. B.; Werner, Stephanie E. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b03242	journal	September 2016
Quantum-Confined Stark Effect of Individual Defects in a van der Waals Heterostructure Chakraborty, Chitraleema; Goodfellow, Kenneth M.; Dhara, Sajal Nano Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04889	journal	March 2017
Strain Control of Exciton–Phonon Coupling in Atomically Thin Semiconductors Niehues, Iris; Schmidt, Robert; Drüppel, Matthias Nano Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04868	journal	February 2018
3D Localized Trions in Monolayer WSe ₂ in a Charge Tunable van der Waals Heterostructure Chakraborty, Chitraleema; Qiu, Liangyu; Konthasinghe, Kumarasiri Nano Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05409	journal	March 2018
Strain-Tunable Single Photon Sources in WSe ₂ Monolayers Iff, Oliver; Tedeschi, Davide; Martín-Sánchez, Javier Nano Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02221	journal	September 2019
Quantum Calligraphy: Writing Single-Photon Emitters in a Two-Dimensional Materials Platform Rosenberger, Matthew R.; Dass, Chandriker Kavir; Chuang, Hsun-Jen ACS Nano, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b08730	journal	December 2018
Point Defects and Localized Excitons in 2D WSe ₂ Zheng, Yu Jie; Chen, Yifeng; Huang, Yu Li ACS Nano, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b02316	journal	April 2019
Separation of Stabilized MOPS Gold Nanostars by Density Gradient Centrifugation Chandra, Kavita; Kumar, Vished; Werner, Stephanie E. ACS Omega, Vol. 2, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b00871	journal	August 2017
Spontaneous Emission Enhancement in Strain-Induced WSe ₂ Monolayer-Based Quantum Light Sources on Metallic Surfaces Tripathi, Laxmi Narayan; Iff, Oliver; Betzold, Simon ACS Photonics, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01053	journal	April 2018
Radiative Enhancement of Single Quantum Emitters in WSe 2 Monolayers Using Site-Controlled Metallic Nanopillars Cai, Tao; Kim, Je-Hyung; Yang, Zhili ACS Photonics, Vol. 5, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00580	journal	August 2018
Ligand-Directed Formation of Gold Tetrapod Nanostructures Liu, Haining; Xu, Yaolin; Qin, Ying The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp405859x	journal	August 2013
Plasmon Resonances of a Gold Nanostar Hao, Feng; Nehl, Colleen L.; Hafner, Jason H. Nano Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl062969c	journal	March 2007
Fluorescence Enhancement, Blinking Suppression, and Gray States of Individual Semiconductor Nanocrystals Close to Gold Nanoparticles Ma, Xuedan; Tan, Hua; Kipp, Tobias Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl102451c	journal	October 2010
Local Strain Engineering in Atomically Thin MoS ₂ Castellanos-Gomez, Andres; Roldán, Rafael; Cappelluti, Emmanuele Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl402875m	journal	October 2013
Tuning the Electronic Properties of Semiconducting Transition Metal Dichalcogenides by Applying Mechanical Strains Johari, Priya; Shenoy, Vivek B. ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn301320r	journal	May 2012
Auger Recombination of Biexcitons and Negative and Positive Trions in Individual Quantum Dots Park, Young-Shin; Bae, Wan Ki; Pietryga, Jeffrey M. ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn5023473	journal	June 2014
Influence of Exciton Dimensionality on Spectral Diffusion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Ma, Xuedan; Roslyak, Oleksiy; Wang, Feng ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn504138m	journal	September 2014
Optical emission from a charge-tunable quantum ring Warburton, R. J.; Schäflein, C.; Haft, D. Nature, Vol. 405, Issue 6789 https://doi.org/10.1038/35016030	journal	June 2000
Engineering and mapping nanocavity emission via precision placement of DNA origami Gopinath, Ashwin; Miyazono, Evan; Faraon, Andrei Nature, Vol. 535, Issue 7612 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18287	journal	July 2016
Deterministic strain-induced arrays of quantum emitters in a two-dimensional semiconductor Branny, Artur; Kumar, Santosh; Proux, Raphaël Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15053	journal	May 2017
Large-scale quantum-emitter arrays in atomically thin semiconductors Palacios-Berraquero, Carmen; Kara, Dhiren M.; Montblanch, Alejandro R. -P. Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15093	journal	May 2017
Desktop nanofabrication with massively multiplexed beam pen lithography Liao, Xing; Brown, Keith A.; Schmucker, Abrin L. Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3103	journal	July 2013
Single spins in self-assembled quantum dots Warburton, Richard J. Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3585	journal	May 2013
Room-temperature single-photon generation from solitary dopants of carbon nanotubes Ma, Xuedan; Hartmann, Nicolai F.; Baldwin, Jon K. S. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.136	journal	July 2015
Optically active quantum dots in monolayer WSe2 Srivastava, Ajit; Sidler, Meinrad; Allain, Adrien V. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.60	journal	May 2015
Single photon emitters in exfoliated WSe2 structures Koperski, M.; Nogajewski, K.; Arora, A. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.67	journal	May 2015
Single quantum emitters in monolayer semiconductors He, Yu-Ming; Clark, Genevieve; Schaibley, John R. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.75	journal	May 2015
Voltage-controlled quantum light from an atomically thin semiconductor Chakraborty, Chitraleema; Kinnischtzke, Laura; Goodfellow, Kenneth M. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.79	journal	May 2015
Origin and control of blinking in quantum dots Efros, Alexander L.; Nesbitt, David J. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2016.140	journal	August 2016
Solid-state single-photon emitters Aharonovich, Igor; Englund, Dirk; Toth, Milos Nature Photonics, Vol. 10, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2016.186	journal	September 2016
Nanoprinting organic molecules at the quantum level Hail, Claudio U.; Höller, Christian; Matsuzaki, Korenobu Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09877-5	journal	April 2019
Site-selectively generated photon emitters in monolayer MoS2 via local helium ion irradiation Klein, J.; Lorke, M.; Florian, M. Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10632-z	journal	June 2019
Uniaxial transition dipole moments in semiconductor quantum rings caused by broken rotational symmetry Hartmann, Nicolai F.; Otten, Matthew; Fedin, Igor Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11225-6	journal	July 2019
Deterministic coupling of site-controlled quantum emitters in monolayer WSe2 to plasmonic nanocavities Luo, Yue; Shepard, Gabriella D.; Ardelean, Jenny V. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0275-z	journal	October 2018
Defects activated photoluminescence in two-dimensional semiconductors: interplay between bound, charged and free excitons Tongay, Sefaattin; Suh, Joonki; Ataca, Can Scientific Reports, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02657	journal	September 2013
Shape control in gold nanoparticle synthesis Grzelczak, Marek; Pérez-Juste, Jorge; Mulvaney, Paul Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 37, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/b711490g	journal	January 2008
Visualization and analysis of atomistic simulation data with OVITO–the Open Visualization Tool Stukowski, Alexander Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 18, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0965-0393/18/1/015012	journal	December 2009
Intervalley coupling by quantum dot confinement potentials in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides Liu, Gui-Bin; Pang, Hongliang; Yao, Yugui New Journal of Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/16/10/105011	journal	October 2014
Strong Purcell effect observed in single thick-shell CdSe/CdS nanocrystals coupled to localized surface plasmons Canneson, D.; Mallek-Zouari, I.; Buil, S. Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.245423	journal	December 2011
Ab initio study of the split silicon-vacancy defect in diamond: Electronic structure and related properties Gali, Adam; Maze, Jeronimo R. Physical Review B, Vol. 88, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.88.235205	journal	December 2013
Photophysics of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond nanocrystals Berthel, Martin; Mollet, Oriane; Dantelle, Géraldine Physical Review B, Vol. 91, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.035308	journal	January 2015
Systematic study of structural, electronic, and optical properties of atomic-scale defects in the two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides M X 2 ( M = Mo , W; X = S , Se, Te) Haldar, Soumyajyoti; Vovusha, Hakkim; Yadav, Manoj Kumar Physical Review B, Vol. 92, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.92.235408	journal	December 2015
Valley qubit in a gated MoS 2 monolayer quantum dot Pawłowski, J.; Żebrowski, D.; Bednarek, S. Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.97.155412	journal	April 2018
Dark exciton based strain sensing in tungsten-based transition metal dichalcogenides Feierabend, Maja; Khatibi, Zahra; Berghäuser, Gunnar Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.99.195454	journal	May 2019
Experimental Evidence for Dark Excitons in Monolayer WSe 2 Zhang, Xiao-Xiao; You, Yumeng; Zhao, Shu Yang Frank Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.257403	journal	December 2015
Defect Structure of Localized Excitons in a WSe 2 Monolayer Zhang, Shuai; Wang, Chen-Guang; Li, Ming-Yang Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.046101	journal	July 2017
Surface-Enhanced Emission from Single Semiconductor Nanocrystals Shimizu, K. T.; Woo, W. K.; Fisher, B. R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 89, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.117401	journal	August 2002
Bright trion emission from semiconductor nanoplatelets Peng, Lintao; Otten, Matthew; Hazarika, Abhijit Physical Review Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.056006	journal	May 2020
Quantum-Confined Stark Effect in Single CdSe Nanocrystallite Quantum Dots Empedocles, S. A. Science, Vol. 278, Issue 5346 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.278.5346.2114	journal	December 1997
Phonon induced line broadening and population of the dark exciton in a deeply trapped localized emitter in monolayer WSe_2 He, Yu-Ming; Höfling, Sven; Schneider, Christian Optics Express, Vol. 24, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.008066	journal	January 2016
Single-photon emission from localized excitons in an atomically thin semiconductor Tonndorf, Philipp; Schmidt, Robert; Schneider, Robert Optica, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.2.000347	journal	January 2015

Similar Records

Quantum Photon Sources in WSe₂ Monolayers Induced by Weakly Localized Strain Fields

Journal Article · Tue Nov 15 23:00:00 EST 2022 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. C · OSTI ID:2348892

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
WSe2 monolayers
dark state
quantum defects
single photon source
strain
surface plasmon

Creation of Single-Photon Emitters in WSe2 Monolayers Using Nanometer-Sized Gold Tips

Citation Formats

References (54)

Similar Records

Related Subjects

Creation of Single-Photon Emitters in WSe₂ Monolayers Using Nanometer-Sized Gold Tips