Grain boundary facilitated dissolution of nanocrystalline NpO2(s) from legacy waste processing

Peruski, Kathryn M.; Koehler, Kelliann C.; Powell, Brian A.

doi:10.1039/d0en00262c

Title: Grain boundary facilitated dissolution of nanocrystalline NpO₂(s) from legacy waste processing

Journal Article · Thu Jul 02 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Environmental Science: Nano

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/d0en00262c· OSTI ID:1756007

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Clemson Univ., Anderson, SC (United States)
Clemson Univ., Anderson, SC (United States); Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC (United States) Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River National Lab. (SRNL)

Dissolution of actinide dioxides, including neptunium dioxide (NpO₂(s)), is paramount for the prediction of the environmental fate of nuclear materials. Quantifying dissolution rates, as well as understanding qualitative dissolution mechanisms, informs performance assessment for geologic disposal of spent nuclear fuel and management of legacy radioactive waste. The aim of this research was to measure the dissolution rate of nanocrystalline NpO₂(s), produced through legacy nuclear waste processing, under oxidizing conditions, as well as to characterize surface alteration to the material. The solid phase was characterized using electron microscopy techniques (SEM/STEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), indicating preferential dissolution of Np-hydroxide contained in the grain boundaries of NpO₂(s) and fragmentation of grains from the matrix. The oxidative dissolution was monitored over 40 weeks, yielding a two-step kinetic dissolution model involving hydration of NpO₂(s) and subsequent oxidation and dissolution of the hydroxide phase. Here, the proposed dissolution models for nanocrystalline NpO₂(s) suggest that microstructural features such as grain boundaries are key factors affecting dissolution, including release of colloidal particles, and ultimately, environmental fate and transport of nuclear materials.

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Research Organization:: Clemson Univ., SC (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012530; SC00012530

OSTI ID:: 1756007

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1637555

Journal Information:: Environmental Science: Nano, Vol. 7, Issue 8; ISSN 2051-8153

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 3 works

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Title: Grain boundary facilitated dissolution of nanocrystalline NpO2(s) from legacy waste processing

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