A failure surface for brittle failure of orthotropic (columnar) saline ice under triaxial compression

Conference · Sun Dec 31 04:00:00 EST 1995

OSTI ID:175214

Gratz, E T; Schulson, E M ^[1]

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1. Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States)

Experimental results are presented from triaxial compression tests conducted at -10{degrees}C on orthotropic S2 (columnar) saline ice loaded using a true triaxial testing system configured to deliver proportional confinement. The average column diameter of the ice was 7.4 mm. Loads were applied along two directions X{sub 1} and X{sub 2} perpendicular to the growth direction, and along X{sub 1} parallel to the growth direction. Samples loaded mainly along X, were subject to independent across-column confinement R{sub 21} = {sigma}{sub 22}/{sigma}{sub 11} and to along-column confinement R{sub 31} = {sigma}{sub 33}/{sigma}{sub 11}. Samples loaded mainly along X{sub 3} were subject to independent across-column confinements R{sub 13} = {sigma}{sub 11}/{sigma}{sub 33} and R{sub 23} = {sigma}{sub 22}/{sigma}{sub 33}. The applied displacement rate corresponded to a strain rate of 10{sup -2} S{sup -1} in the direction of highest load and resulted in brittle failure for all experiments. The failure stress {sigma}{sub 11,f} for loading mainly along X{sub 1} increased with increase in confinement R{sub 21} for R{sub 21} < 0.3. Within this regime the failure stress was insensitive to the level of along-column confinement R{sub 31}. For R{sub 21} {approx} 1, {sigma}{sub 11,f} of increased with increase in along-column confinement R{sub 31}. The effect of confinement for loading mainly in the along-column direction was also investigated. For R{sub 21} = 1, increasing confinement R{sub 23} increased the failure stress {sigma}{sub 33,f}.

• OSTI ID: 175214
• Report Number(s): CONF-950686--
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
COMPRESSION
FAILURES
ICE
STRAIN RATE
STRESSES