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Imaging the Phase Transformation in Single Particles of Lithium Titanate Anode for Lithium-ion Batteries

Journal Article · · ACS Applied Energy Materials
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [3]
  1. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
  2. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
  3. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Univ. College, London (United Kingdom)
+ Show Author Affiliations
Lithium uptake and release in lithium titanate (LTO) anode materials during a discharge and charge cycle is one of the fundamental processes of a Lithium-ion battery (LIB), still not fully understood at the microscopic level.During discharge cycle, LTO undergoes a phase transformation between Li4Ti5O12 and Li7Ti5O12 states within a cubic crystal lattice. To reveal the details of the microscopic mechanism,it is necessary to track the sequence of phase transformation sat different discharge/charge states under operating conditions.Here we use in-situ Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging (BCDI) and in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments to examine the lithium insertion-induced materials phase transformation within a single LTO particle anda bulk battery analogue,respectively. BCDI analysis from (111) Bragg peak, shows the two-phase transformation manifesting as a distinct image phase modulation within a single LTO nanoparticle occurring in the middle of the discharge region then subsiding towards the end of the discharge cycle. We observe the biggest phase variation at the two-phase stage,indicating the formation of phase domains of 200 nm in size during the discharge process. Additionally, we also observe a lattice contraction of >0.2% in a single LTO nanoparticle at the (400) Bragg peak measurement, larger than that in the corresponding bulk material. Our observation of this phase transformation at a single particle level has implications for the understanding of the microscopic/mesoscale picture of the phase transformation in anode and cathode LIBs materials.
Research Organization:
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0012704
OSTI ID:
1737428
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1762399
OSTI ID: 1787301
Report Number(s):
BNL--220714-2020-JAAM
Journal Information:
ACS Applied Energy Materials, Journal Name: ACS Applied Energy Materials Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 4; ISSN 2574-0962
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
Coherent diffraction imaging
battery material
displacement field
image phase variation
lithium titanate anode